Relation Subtypes in the Data
In addition to the universal dependency taxonomy, it is desirable to recognize grammatical relations that are particular to one language or a small group of related languages. Such language-specific relations are necessary to accurately capture the genius of a particular language but will not involve concepts that generalize broadly. These language-specific relations should always be regarded as a subtype of an existing UD relation.
Labels of language-specific relations explictly encode the core UD relation that the language-specific relation is a subtype of, following the format universal:extension.
This is an automatically generated list of relation subtypes that occur in the UD data.
acl
- acl:adv: Ukrainian
- acl:attr: Chukchi
- acl:cleft: Swedish
- acl:inf: Portuguese
- acl:relat: Chukchi
- acl:relcl: Akkadian, Albanian, Ancient Greek, Apurina, Arabic, Armenian, Assyrian, Beja, Belarusian, Bengali, Breton, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Coptic, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Erzya, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Highland Puebla Nahuatl, Hindi, Hittite, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Javanese, Karelian, Kazakh, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Korean, Latin, Ligurian, Lithuanian, Livvi, Low Saxon, Macedonian, Maghrebi Arabic French, Malayalam, Manx, Marathi, Middle French, Moksha, Naija, Nheengatu, North Sami, Norwegian, Old East Slavic, Old French, Old Irish, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Skolt Sami, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Swedish Sign Language, Swiss German, Tagalog, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Ukrainian, Umbrian, Urdu, Veps, Vietnamese, Welsh, Western Armenian, Western Sierra Puebla Nahuatl, Wolof, Xibe, Zaar
- acl:subj: Vietnamese
- acl:tmod: Vietnamese
- acl:tonp: Vietnamese
advcl
- advcl:abs: Latin
- advcl:cau: Moksha
- advcl:cleft: French, Haitian Creole, Naija
- advcl:cmp: Ancient Greek, Erzya, Gothic, Italian, Latin, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic
- advcl:cmpr: Polish
- advcl:cond: Tamil, Telugu, Uyghur
- advcl:coverb: Cantonese
- advcl:eval: Erzya, Komi Zyrian, Moksha
- advcl:lcl: Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian
- advcl:mcl: Komi Permyak
- advcl:objective: Vietnamese
- advcl:pred: Italian, Latin, Ukrainian
- advcl:relcl: Armenian, English, Italian, Latin, Nheengatu, Polish, Western Armenian
- advcl:svc: Ukrainian
- advcl:tcl: Apurina, Erzya, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, Romanian, Skolt Sami
advmod
- advmod:adj: Vietnamese
- advmod:arg: Polish
- advmod:cau: Erzya, Komi Zyrian, Moksha
- advmod:cmp: Erzya, Moksha
- advmod:deg: Erzya, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, Skolt Sami
- advmod:det: Ukrainian
- advmod:df: Cantonese, Chinese
- advmod:dir: Vietnamese
- advmod:emph: Akkadian, Arabic, Armenian, Catalan, Chukchi, Croatian, Czech, Hittite, Indonesian, Javanese, Komi Zyrian, Kyrgyz, Latin, Lithuanian, Malayalam, Polish, Sanskrit, Sinhala, Slovak, South Levantine Arabic, Tamil, Tatar, Turkish, Turkish German, Upper Sorbian, Uyghur, Western Armenian
- advmod:eval: Erzya, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, Skolt Sami
- advmod:foc: Erzya, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, Skolt Sami
- advmod:freq: Komi Zyrian, Moksha
- advmod:lfrom: Komi Zyrian
- advmod:lmod: Apurina, Danish, Erzya, Georgian, Italian, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Latin, Moksha, Skolt Sami
- advmod:loc: Hittite
- advmod:locy: Hungarian
- advmod:lto: Komi Zyrian
- advmod:mmod: Erzya, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, Skolt Sami
- advmod:mode: Hungarian
- advmod:neg: Apurina, Buryat, Italian, Kiche, Kurmanji, Latin, Maltese, Polish, Skolt Sami, Vietnamese, Western Sierra Puebla Nahuatl
- advmod:obl: Old French
- advmod:que: Hungarian
- advmod:tfrom: Hungarian
- advmod:tlocy: Hungarian
- advmod:tmod: Apurina, Erzya, Italian, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Latin, Moksha, Romanian, Skolt Sami
- advmod:to: Hungarian
- advmod:tto: Hungarian
amod
- amod:att: Hungarian
- amod:attlvc: Hungarian
- amod:flat: Polish
appos
- appos:nmod: Vietnamese
- appos:trans: Turkish German
aux
- aux:aspect: Erzya, Komi Zyrian
- aux:caus: Armenian, French, Western Armenian
- aux:clitic: Polish
- aux:cnd: Erzya, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, Polish
- aux:ex: Armenian, Western Armenian
- aux:exhort: Apurina
- aux:imp: Erzya, Polish
- aux:nec: Erzya, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, Skolt Sami
- aux:neg: Chukchi, Erzya, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Maltese, Moksha, North Sami, Skolt Sami, Tamil
- aux:opt: Erzya, Moksha
- aux:part: Gheg, Maltese
- aux:pass: Afrikaans, Ancient Greek, Arabic, Assyrian, Belarusian, Bhojpuri, Breton, Bulgarian, Buryat, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian Dutch, Galician, German, Hindi, Italian, Kangri, Karelian, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Low Saxon, Macedonian, Maltese, Marathi, Middle French, Norwegian, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Old French, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Sinhala, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss German, Tamil, Thai, Turkish German, Upper Sorbian, Vietnamese
- aux:pot: Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian
- aux:q: Erzya, Moksha, Turkish, Turkish German
- aux:tense: French, Komi Zyrian, Skolt Sami
case
- case:acc: Hebrew
- case:adv: Indonesian, Javanese
- case:det: Maltese, Middle French, Old French
- case:gen: Hebrew
- case:loc: Armenian, Cantonese, Chinese, Western Armenian
- case:pred: Welsh
- case:voc: Irish, Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic
cc
- cc:nc: Middle French, Old French
- cc:preconj: Arabic, Dutch, English, Erzya, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, German, Indonesian, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, North Sami, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Skolt Sami, Slovenian, Spanish, Thai, Turkish, Zaar
ccomp
- ccomp:cleft: Polish
- ccomp:obj: Hungarian, Polish
- ccomp:obl: Hungarian
- ccomp:pmod: Romanian
- ccomp:pred: Hungarian
- ccomp:relcl: Italian, Latin
- ccomp:reported: Italian, Latin
- ccomp:speech: Portuguese
clf
- clf:det: Cantonese, Vietnamese
compound
- compound:a: Indonesian
- compound:adj: Vietnamese
- compound:affix: Hebrew
- compound:amod: Vietnamese
- compound:apr: Vietnamese
- compound:atov: Vietnamese
- compound:dir: Cantonese, Chinese, Vietnamese
- compound:ext: Cantonese, Chinese
- compound:lvc: Armenian, Bengali, Hindi, Kazakh, Khunsari, Korean, Kurmanji, Malayalam, Marathi, Nayini, Persian, Sinhala, Soi, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Turkish, Turkish German, Uyghur, Western Armenian
- compound:nn: Finnish, Livvi, North Sami
- compound:preverb: Hungarian
- compound:pron: Vietnamese
- compound:prt: Afrikaans, Arabic, Danish, Dutch, English, Erzya, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, Frisian Dutch, German, Icelandic, Irish, Karelian, Komi Permyak, Low Saxon, Naija, Old Irish, Persian, Sinhala, Spanish, Swedish, Swedish Sign Language, Swiss German, Tamil, Thai, Turkish German, Vietnamese, Wolof, Yoruba, Zaar
- compound:quant: Cantonese
- compound:redup: Armenian, Bambara, Cebuano, Classical Armenian, Classical Chinese, Erzya, Hindi, Kurmanji, Marathi, Naija, Tagalog, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish, Turkish German, Uyghur, Vietnamese, Welsh, Western Armenian, Zaar
- compound:smixut: Ancient Hebrew, Hebrew
- compound:svc: Amharic, Armenian, Beja, Chinese, Haitian Creole, Kyrgyz, Malayalam, Marathi, Mbya Guarani, Naija, Sinhala, Swedish Sign Language, Telugu, Ukrainian, Vietnamese, Western Armenian, Wolof, Yoruba
- compound:verbnoun: Vietnamese
- compound:vmod: Vietnamese
- compound:vo: Cantonese, Chinese
- compound:vv: Cantonese, Chinese
- compound:z: Vietnamese
conj
- conj:expl: Latin
- conj:extend: Slovenian
- conj:svc: Ukrainian
cop
- cop:emph: Malayalam
- cop:expl: Maltese
- cop:locat: Polish
- cop:outer: Latin
- cop:own: Finnish, Karelian, Livvi, Marathi
csubj
- csubj:asubj: Vietnamese
- csubj:caus: Classical Armenian
- csubj:cleft: Irish, Latin, Manx, Scottish Gaelic
- csubj:cop: Erzya, Estonian, Finnish, Irish, Komi Zyrian, Livvi, Manx, Moksha, Scottish Gaelic, Turkish, Veps
- csubj:outer: Belarusian, Classical Armenian, Classical Chinese, Dutch, English, Hebrew, Japanese, Javanese, Latin, Naija, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Swedish, Turkish, Wolof
- csubj:pass: Albanian, Amharic, Ancient Greek, Arabic, Armenian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Classical Chinese, Czech, English, French, German, Gothic, Greek, Hebrew, Indonesian, Italian, Javanese, Korean, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Sanskrit, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Vietnamese, Western Armenian
- csubj:relcl: Italian, Latin
- csubj:reported: Latin
- csubj:vsubj: Vietnamese
dep
- dep:agr: Kiche
- dep:alt: Upper Sorbian
- dep:ana: Yupik
- dep:aux: Yupik
- dep:comp: Beja, French
- dep:conj: Beja
- dep:cop: Yupik
- dep:der: Turkish
- dep:emo: Yupik
- dep:infl: Yupik
- dep:mark: Yupik
- dep:mod: Mbya Guarani
- dep:pos: Yupik
- dep:redup: Beja
- dep:repeat: Abaza
- dep:ss: Kiche
det
- det:adj: Albanian
- det:noun: Albanian
- det:numgov: Croatian, Czech, Latin, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Upper Sorbian
- det:nummod: Czech, Polish, Ukrainian
- det:pmod: Vietnamese
- det:poss: Akkadian, Armenian, Georgian, German, Irish, Italian, Korean, Low Saxon, Polish, Portuguese, Sinhala, Western Armenian
- det:predet: English, Italian, Persian
- det:pron: Albanian
- det:rel: Bambara
discourse
- discourse:conn: Hittite
- discourse:emo: Irish, Italian
- discourse:filler: Slovenian
- discourse:intj: Polish
- discourse:q: Turkish
- discourse:sp: Cantonese, Chinese, Classical Chinese
dislocated
- dislocated:advcl: Latin
- dislocated:ccomp: Latin
- dislocated:cleft: Mbya Guarani
- dislocated:csubj: Latin
- dislocated:det: Beja
- dislocated:nsubj: Latin
- dislocated:obj: Latin
- dislocated:obl: Latin
- dislocated:subj: Beja
expl
- expl:comp: French
- expl:impers: Italian, Ligurian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish
- expl:pass: Catalan, Czech, French, Hittite, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Spanish, Upper Sorbian
- expl:poss: Romanian
- expl:pv: Czech, Dutch, French, German, Gothic, Italian, Ligurian, Low Saxon, Macedonian, Maghrebi Arabic French, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Spanish, Turkish German, Upper Sorbian
- expl:subj: French, Naija
flat
- flat:abs: Ukrainian
- flat:date: Vietnamese
- flat:dist: Armenian, Western Armenian
- flat:foreign: Arabic, Beja, Belarusian, Buryat, Chinese, Chukchi, Classical Chinese, Croatian, Czech, English, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Javanese, Komi Zyrian, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Manx, Naija, Norwegian, Old East Slavic, Old Irish, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Slovak, Slovenian, South Levantine Arabic, Ukrainian, Upper Sorbian, Vietnamese, Zaar
- flat:frac: Western Armenian
- flat:gov: Latin
- flat:name: Ancient Greek, Ancient Hebrew, Armenian, Belarusian, Breton, Chinese, Chukchi, Classical Armenian, Erzya, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian Dutch, Galician, Georgian, German, Gothic, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Javanese, Karelian, Kazakh, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Korean, Latin, Latvian, Livvi, Maltese, Moksha, Norwegian, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Persian, Portuguese, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Skolt Sami, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Ukrainian, Vietnamese, Welsh, Western Armenian, Xibe, Zaar
- flat:num: Komi Zyrian, Persian
- flat:number: Vietnamese
- flat:range: Armenian, Ukrainian, Western Armenian
- flat:redup: Italian, Latin, Vietnamese
- flat:repeat: Ukrainian
- flat:sibl: Ukrainian
- flat:time: Vietnamese
- flat:title: Ukrainian
- flat:vv: Classical Chinese
iobj
- iobj:agent: Armenian, French, Western Armenian
- iobj:appl: Wolof
- iobj:patient: Tagalog
mark
- mark:adv: Cantonese, Chinese, Xibe
- mark:advmod: Old French
- mark:int: Old Irish
- mark:pcomp: Vietnamese
- mark:plur: Xibe
- mark:prt: Chinese, Irish, Scottish Gaelic
- mark:q: Hebrew
- mark:rel: Cantonese, Chinese, Xibe
nmod
- nmod:agent: Welsh
- nmod:appos: French, Komi Zyrian, Moksha
- nmod:arg: Polish, Yupik
- nmod:att: Hungarian
- nmod:attlvc: Hungarian
- nmod:attr: Chukchi
- nmod:bahuv: Moksha
- nmod:cau: Uyghur
- nmod:comp: Turkish, Uyghur
- nmod:desc: English
- nmod:det: Hittite
- nmod:flat: Polish
- nmod:gen: Breton
- nmod:gobj: Erzya, Finnish, Moksha
- nmod:gsubj: Erzya, Finnish, Karelian
- nmod:lmod: Erzya, Indonesian, Italian, Javanese, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Moksha
- nmod:npmod: Armenian, English, Hebrew, Western Armenian
- nmod:obj: Komi Zyrian
- nmod:obl: Hungarian
- nmod:part: Turkish, Uyghur
- nmod:poss: Akkadian, Albanian, Ancient Hebrew, Apurina, Arabic, Armenian, Assyrian, Bambara, Beja, Bengali, Breton, Chukchi, Danish, Dutch, English, Erzya, Faroese, Finnish, Frisian Dutch, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Javanese, Karelian, Kazakh, Khunsari, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Korean, Kurmanji, Kyrgyz, Latin, Livvi, Low Saxon, Macedonian, Malayalam, Maltese, Manx, Marathi, Moksha, Naija, Nayini, Nheengatu, North Sami, Norwegian, Old Irish, Persian, Polish, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Sinhala, Skolt Sami, Soi, South Levantine Arabic, Swedish, Swedish Sign Language, Swiss German, Tagalog, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Uyghur, Vietnamese, Warlpiri, Welsh, Western Armenian, Wolof, Xibe, Zaar
- nmod:pre: Old Irish
- nmod:pred: Polish
- nmod:prp: Komi Zyrian
- nmod:redup: Welsh
- nmod:relat: Chukchi
- nmod:subj: Komi Zyrian
- nmod:tmod: Chinese, English, Hebrew, Indonesian, Irish, Javanese, Moksha, Romanian, Sinhala, Telugu, Turkish, Uyghur
nsubj
- nsubj:advmod: Old French
- nsubj:bfoc: Tagalog
- nsubj:caus: Armenian, Classical Armenian, French, Western Armenian
- nsubj:cleft: Latin
- nsubj:cop: Apurina, Breton, Erzya, Estonian, Finnish, Hebrew, Karelian, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Livvi, Moksha, Sanskrit, Skolt Sami, Turkish, Veps
- nsubj:ifoc: Tagalog
- nsubj:lfoc: Tagalog
- nsubj:lvc: Hungarian
- nsubj:nc: Persian, Tamil, Telugu
- nsubj:nn: Vietnamese
- nsubj:obj: Old French
- nsubj:outer: Ancient Greek, Ancient Hebrew, Basque, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Classical Chinese, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Gheg, Gothic, Greek, Hebrew, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Latin, Lithuanian, Naija, Norwegian, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Old French, Old Irish, Portuguese, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Turkish German
- nsubj:pass: Afrikaans, Amharic, Ancient Greek, Arabic, Armenian, Assyrian, Belarusian, Bengali, Bulgarian, Buryat, Cantonese, Catalan, Chinese, Classical Armenian, Classical Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, Faroese, French, Frisian Dutch, Galician, Georgian, German, Gothic, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Javanese, Korean, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Low Saxon, Macedonian, Maltese, Marathi, Moksha, Norwegian, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Skolt Sami, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss German, Tagalog, Tamil, Thai, Turkish, Turkish German, Upper Sorbian, Uyghur, Vietnamese, Western Armenian, Xibe
- nsubj:periph: Cantonese
- nsubj:xsubj: Vietnamese
nummod
- nummod:det: Beja, Vietnamese
- nummod:entity: Russian
- nummod:flat: Polish
- nummod:gov: Belarusian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Old East Slavic, Polish, Russian, Sanskrit, Serbian, Ukrainian, Upper Sorbian
obj
- obj:advmod: Old French
- obj:advneg: Old French
- obj:agent: Apurina, French, Tagalog
- obj:appl: Wolof
- obj:caus: Wolof
- obj:infx: Old Irish
- obj:lvc: French, Hungarian, Naija
- obj:obl: Old French
- obj:periph: Cantonese, Chinese
obl
- obl:about: Vietnamese
- obl:adj: Vietnamese
- obl:adv: Vietnamese
- obl:advmod: Middle French, Old French
- obl:agent: Ancient Greek, Armenian, Belarusian, Breton, Cantonese, Catalan, Chinese, Classical Armenian, Czech, Dutch, English, Erzya, French, German, Gothic, Greek, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Javanese, Komi Zyrian, Latin, Lithuanian, Low Saxon, Maltese, Moksha, Naija, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Old Irish, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Sanskrit, Skolt Sami, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Turkish, Vietnamese, Welsh, Western Armenian, Zaar
- obl:appl: Wolof
- obl:arg: Ancient Greek, Arabic, Beja, Catalan, Chinese, Czech, French, German, Gothic, Greek, Haitian Creole, Icelandic, Italian, Latin, Lithuanian, Maltese, Naija, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Sanskrit, Slovak, South Levantine Arabic, Spanish, Tamil, Zaar
- obl:cau: Erzya, Komi Zyrian, Moksha, Telugu
- obl:cmp: Erzya, Komi Zyrian, Latin, Moksha, Telugu
- obl:cmpr: Polish, Tamil
- obl:comp: Vietnamese
- obl:dat: Kurmanji
- obl:depict: Russian
- obl:float: Russian
- obl:freq: Moksha
- obl:inst: Erzya, Moksha, Tamil
- obl:iobj: Vietnamese
- obl:lmod: Apurina, Chinese, Classical Chinese, Danish, Erzya, Italian, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Latin, Moksha, Sinhala, Skolt Sami, Tamil, Xibe
- obl:lmp: Komi Zyrian
- obl:lto: Komi Zyrian
- obl:lvc: Hungarian
- obl:mcl: Komi Zyrian
- obl:mod: Beja, French, Haitian Creole, Naija, Yupik
- obl:npmod: Ancient Hebrew, Coptic, English, Hebrew
- obl:obj: Guarani
- obl:orphan: Polish
- obl:own: Erzya, Kazakh
- obl:patient: Cantonese, Chinese
- obl:pmod: Romanian, Tamil
- obl:poss: Thai
- obl:prep: Irish, Old Irish
- obl:pronmod: Russian
- obl:sentcon: Mbya Guarani
- obl:smod: Scottish Gaelic
- obl:subj: Guajajara, Guarani
- obl:tmod: Apurina, Arabic, Cantonese, Chinese, Classical Chinese, Danish, English, Erzya, Frisian Dutch, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Javanese, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Korean, Latin, Manx, Moksha, Old East Slavic, Old Irish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Sinhala, Skolt Sami, Spanish, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Uyghur, Vietnamese, Warlpiri, Xibe
- obl:with: Vietnamese
orphan
- orphan:missing: Latin
parataxis
- parataxis:appos: Italian
- parataxis:conj: Beja, Naija
- parataxis:discourse: Italian, Naija, Russian, Slovenian, Turkish German, Ukrainian
- parataxis:dislocated: Naija
- parataxis:hashtag: Irish, Italian
- parataxis:insert: Beja, French, Haitian Creole, Italian, Polish
- parataxis:mod: Beja, Naija
- parataxis:newsent: Ukrainian
- parataxis:nsubj: Italian
- parataxis:obj: Bambara, Italian, Polish
- parataxis:parenth: French, Naija
- parataxis:rel: Ukrainian
- parataxis:rep: Chukchi, Latin, Mbya Guarani
- parataxis:reporting: Latin
- parataxis:restart: Slovenian
- parataxis:rt: Irish
- parataxis:sentence: Irish
- parataxis:trans: Turkish German
- parataxis:url: Irish
vocative
- vocative:cl: Ukrainian
- vocative:mention: Irish, Italian
xcomp
- xcomp:adj: Vietnamese
- xcomp:cleft: Polish
- xcomp:dir: Vietnamese
- xcomp:ds: Erzya, Finnish, Karelian, Komi Permyak, Livvi
- xcomp:obj: North Sami, Polish
- xcomp:pred: Irish, Manx, North Sami, Polish, Scottish Gaelic, Ukrainian
- xcomp:relcl: Latin
- xcomp:subj: Polish
- xcomp:vcomp: Vietnamese