home edit page issue tracker
This page pertains to UD version 2.

UD Arabic PADT

Language: Arabic (code: ar)
Family: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v1.2 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Daniel Zeman, Zdeněk Žabokrtský, Shadi Saleh.

Repository: UD_Arabic-PADT
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.13

License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0

Genre: news

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Arabic-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [zeman (æt) ufal • mff • cuni • cz]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.

Annotation Source
Lemmas annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD
UPOS annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD
XPOS annotated manually
Features annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD
Relations annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD

Description

The Arabic-PADT UD treebank is based on the Prague Arabic Dependency Treebank (PADT), created at the Charles University in Prague.

http://universaldependencies.github.io/docs/ar/overview/introduction.html

The treebank consists of 7,664 sentences (282,384 tokens) and its domain is mainly newswire. The annotation is licensed under the terms of CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 and its original (non-UD) version can be downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-097C-0000-0001-4872-3.

The morphological and syntactic annotation of the Arabic UD treebank is created through conversion of PADT data. The conversion procedure has been designed by Dan Zeman. The main coordinator of the original PADT project was Otakar Smrž.

Source of annotations

This table summarizes the origins and checking of the various columns of the CoNLL-U data.

Column Status
ID Sentence-level units in PADT often correspond to entire paragraphs and they were obtained automatically. Low-level tokenization (whitespace and punctuation) was done automatically and then hand-corrected. Splitting of fused tokens into syntactic words in Arabic is part of morphological analysis. ElixirFM was used to provide context-independent options, then these results were disambiguated manually.
FORM The unvocalized surface form is used. Fully vocalized counterpart can be found in the MISC column as Vform attribute.
LEMMA Plausible analyses provided by ElixirFM, manual disambiguation. Lemmas are vocalized. Part of the selection of lemmas was also word sense disambiguation of the lexemes, providing English equivalents (see the Gloss attribute of the MISC column).
UPOSTAG Converted automatically from XPOSTAG (via Interset); human checking of patterns revealed by automatic consistency tests.
XPOSTAG Manual selection from possibilities provided by ElixirFM.
FEATS Converted automatically from XPOSTAG (via Interset); human checking of patterns revealed by automatic consistency tests.
HEAD Original PADT annotation is manual. Automatic conversion to UD; human checking of patterns revealed by automatic consistency tests.
DEPREL Original PDT annotation is manual. Automatic conversion to UD; human checking of patterns revealed by automatic consistency tests.
DEPS — (currently unused)
MISC Information about token spacing taken from PADT annotation. Additional word attributes provided by morphological analysis (i.e. ElixirFM rules + manual disambiguation): Vform (fully vocalized Arabic form), Translit (Latin transliteration of word form), LTranslit (Latin transliteration of lemma), Root (word root), Gloss (English translation of lemma).

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank all of the contributors to the original PADT annotation effort, including Otakar Smrž, Jan Hajič, Petr Zemánek, Petr Pajas, Jan Šnaidauf, Emanuel Beška, Jakub Kráčmar, and Kamila Hassanová.

Further corrections of additional data (not part of PADT release 1.0) were done by Shadi Saleh and Zdeněk Žabokrtský.

References

Statistics of UD Arabic PADT

POS Tags

ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – SYM – VERB – X

Features

Abbr – AdpType – Aspect – Case – ConjType – Definite – Foreign – Gender – Mood – Number – NumForm – NumValue – Person – Polarity – PronType – VerbForm – Voice

Relations

acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – advmod:emph – amod – appos – aux – aux:pass – case – cc – ccomp – conj – cop – csubj – csubj:pass – dep – det – discourse – dislocated – fixed – flat:foreign – iobj – mark – nmod – nsubj – nsubj:pass – nummod – obj – obl – obl:arg – orphan – parataxis – punct – root – xcomp

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

Morphology

Tags

Nominal Features

Degree and Polarity

Verbal Features

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

Other Features

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

Relations Overview