UD for Skolt Sámi
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- Words are generally delimited by whitespace or punctuation. Exceptions:
- Numerical expressions (including dates) are treated as single words and may contain punctuation or whitespace: 1.1.1970, 11:00, 2 000.
- Abbreviations are treated as single words and may contain punctuation or whitespace.
- Multiword tokens are used in Skolt Sámi in certain fixed phrases subjunctions and adverbials: ouddâl ko (before), čõõđ ääiʹj (in time).
Morphology
Tags
- Skolt Sámi uses 16 of the 17 universal part-of-speech tags: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, CONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NPROP, NUM, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB .
- There are two copulas leeʹd and iʹlla. The first one means (to be), and the second one means (is not).
- Verbs of negation and negative particles have been labled AUX with an aux:neg relation.
Features
Nominal features
- Case has 9 possible values: Abe, Acc, Com, Ess, Gen, Ill, Loc, Nom, Par. They occur with following word POS: NOUN, PROPN, PRON, NUM, ADJ.
- The cases Ess and Par make no distinction for a singular-to-plural split, and therefore no number category is associated with them.
- Skolt Sámi has possessive suffixes that distinguish three categories of person and two for number.
Degree and Polarity
- The comparative is formed with the suffix -Vb ‘-er’, and the superlative is formed by adding the -mõs, -mmus.
- Polarity in Skolt Sámi is found in the negative verbs and particles.
Verbal features
- Mood has 4 possible values: Ind, Imp, Cnd, Pot.
- Finite verbs are marked for the categories of tense: Prt (past) and Pres (non-past); person: first, second and third in combination with number singular and plural. There is an additional indefinite person conjugation indicated by fourth person singular.
- Verbs have many forms of regular derivation, one specifically is the inchoative -škueʹtted (begin to X), which, when the verb undergoes negation, conveys the meaning (begin not to X).
Syntax
- Word order generally follows an SO, SV and VO strategy, but more research is required to establish what the actual deviations are from this.
- Objects (obj) can be nominals in the accusative case, without preposition.
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The copula verbs leeʹd (be) and iʹlla (not be) are used in equational, attributional, locative, possessive and benefactory nonverbal clauses.
- The following subtypes are used in Skolt Sámi:
- advmod:tmod for advmod with temporal value
- aux:neg for the negative auxiliary verbs and particles
- flat:name for flat used in person names
- obl:tmod for obl relation with temporal value
Treebanks
There are 1 Skolt Sámi UD treebanks: