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UD Highland Puebla Nahuatl ITML

Language: Highland Puebla Nahuatl (code: azz)
Family: Uto-Aztecan

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.13 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Robert Pugh, Francis Tyers.

Repository: UD_Highland_Puebla_Nahuatl-ITML
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.15

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Genre: spoken, grammar-examples, nonfiction

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Highland Puebla Nahuatl-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [pughrob (æt) iu • edu]. Development of the treebank happens directly in the UD repository, so you may submit bug fixes as pull requests against the dev branch.

Annotation	Source
Lemmas	annotated manually
UPOS	annotated manually, natively in UD style
XPOS	not available
Features	annotated manually, natively in UD style
Relations	annotated manually, natively in UD style

Description

UD_Highland_Puebla_Nahuatl-ITML is a collection of texts in the Highland Puebla variety of Nahuatl (ISO-639: azz) spoken in 24 municipalities in the state of Mexico in Puebla. The treebank contains spoken monologue and dialogue, scientific texts translated from Spanish and some miscellaneous grammatical examples from a language course.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the following for giving permission to use their sentences.

• Jonathan Amith
• Pedro Rivera Gómez
• Patricia Aguilar Romero
• Sociedad Méxicana de Física

And we would like to thank the following for assistance in the annotation and validation process:

• Mitsuya Sasaki

References

• (citation)

Statistics of UD Highland Puebla Nahuatl ITML

POS Tags

ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X

Features

Animacy[obj] – Aspect – Case – Degree – Gender – Mood – Movement – NounType – Number – Number[obj] – Number[psor] – Number[subj] – Person – Person[obj] – Person[psor] – Person[subj] – PronType – Subcat – Tense – Typo – VerbForm

Relations

acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – case – cc – ccomp – compound – conj – cop – csubj – dep – det – discourse – dislocated – fixed – flat – goeswith – iobj – mark – nmod – nsubj – nummod – obj – obl – orphan – parataxis – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

• This corpus contains 1260 sentences, 10018 tokens and 10088 syntactic words.

• This corpus contains 2061 tokens (21%) that are not followed by a space.

• This corpus does not contain words with spaces.

• This corpus contains 59 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: n', ki..., i..., s..., n'mati, nik..., 'technohnotsa, k..., kow..., mo..., n..., no..., o..., 'Panketsah, 'Tasohkamatilia, 'kixtia, 'kwechowah, 'nechili, Kwa..., Nox..., Pan..., Tiki..., chik..., cuad., die..., e.., es..., ix..., ke..., kiste..., lima-limón, moch..., nano-robot, nano-robots, nas..., niki..., nim..., nimo..., oh..., pahpata..., seh..., t'nekih, t'tokaytia, t..., tah..., te..., teh..., ti..., tik..., tikch...

• This corpus contains 70 multi-word tokens. On average, one multi-word token consists of 2.00 syntactic words.
• There are 45 types of multi-word tokens. Examples: kaltsintan, kuoujijtik, Tonalixkopa, Kalikampa, imaikan, imatampa, kajfentenoj, koyokopa, kuouijtik, ojtenoj, talixko, xolalpan, Atmolonkopa, Atpoliuikopa, Tatampakopa, Xaltepekopa, Xaltipampa, aten, atentenoh, chilartenoj, ehekaixko, inixiujyo, kaltenoj, kaltsinta, kaltsintaj, kanitehwatsin, kijtosneki, kikuasneki, kitokasneki, kuoujtajpa, maajsi, majase, maseualkopa, mawiltihtinemih, miltenoj, mochiujtiuetskej, nikahsikamatisnekia, nikiitaseki, okse, semiuejueyi, talijtik, tamatisneki, tamixochiyoua, tatampa, tepekespaj.

Morphology

Tags

• This corpus uses 15 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
• This corpus does not use the following tags: PART, SYM

• This corpus contains 33 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): akaj, akin, eso, in, ini, kachi, katin, ke, miak, namehuan, ne, nehua, nejin, nejon, nen, nijin, nijon, nochi, okse, que, qué, se, seki, tehua, tehuan, tei, tein, teisa, teyi, toni, yehua, yehuan, yon

• This corpus contains 23 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): cada, el, in, kachi, kada, kanachi, katin, la, miak, ne, neje, nejin, nejon, nen, nijin, nijon, nochi, okse, se, sejse, seki, teisa, yon

• Out of the above, 16 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: in, kachi, katin, miak, ne, nejin, nejon, nen, nijin, nijon, nochi, okse, se, seki, teisa, yon

• This corpus contains 6 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): etok, hueli, huetsi, ma, neki, nemi

• Out of the above, 4 lemmas occurred sometimes as AUX and sometimes as VERB: hueli, huetsi, neki, nemi

• There are 1 (de)verbal forms:

• Fin
  • VERB: mochiua, onkak, kikua, xochiyoua, monamaka, kualtia, kitoka, mochiwa, ixua, monotsa

Nominal Features

• Gender

• Fem
  • ADJ: Autónoma, Láctea, cancerígenas, cimarrón, electromagnética, fresca
  • DET: la
  • NOUN: células, microondas, moléculas, nanotecnologías, cimarrón, manila, manteca, radiación, radiografías, Antropología
  • PROPN: Maria, niMaria, Amelia, Coral, Cristina, Elisa, Elvira, Emma, Evangelista, Guadalupe

• Fem,Masc
  • ADJ: Ambientales, Austral, Espacial, Norte, celulares, corriente, fuerte, nucleares, útiles

• Masc
  • ADJ: morado, moradito, fresco, injertado, mismo, contento, moraditos, poco
  • NOUN: marzo, abril, compadrito, mayo, agosto, junio, átomos, enero, febrero, rayos
  • PROPN: Miguel, Anastacio, Nicolas, Eleuterio, Ruben, Alfredo, Damian, Ernesto, Gustavo, Jesus

• Number

• Plur
  • ADJ: tsikitsitsin, cancerígenas, celulares, matsikitsitsin, moraditos, nucleares, wehweitsitsin, útiles
  • DET: oksekin, miyakej, okseki
  • NOUN: sitalimej, teposmej, átomos, okwilimeh, pilimej, rayos, taltikpakmej, células, chiktejmej, microondas
  • PRON: tehwan, oksekin, Okseki, tejuan, Sekimej, miakeh, nejinkej, Yehwa, namehwan, teh

• Sing
  • ADJ: morado, moradito, fresco, injertado, mismo, Ambientales, Austral, Autónoma, Espacial, Láctea
  • DET: la
  • NOUN: marzo, abril, compadrito, mayo, agosto, junio, enero, febrero, septiembre, criollo
  • PRON: neh, yehwa, yeh, yejua, tehwatsin, Yehua, ne, nehwa, teh, yej
  • PROPN: Felipe, Pedro, Tetela

• Case

• Abs
  • NOUN: taman, kajfentaj, kuoujtaj, kuouit, pajti, xiuit, milaj, tomakilit, at, pahti
  • PRON: tehwan, tejuan, Yehwa, namehwan

Degree and Polarity

• Degree

• Dim
  • ADJ: kwaltsin, tsikitsitsin, kualtsin, tsiktsin, tsikitsin, potoxtsin, matsikitsitsin, tsikilitsin, wehweitsitsin
  • ADV: Ijkontsin, ihkontsin
  • NOUN: iteyotsin, nanakatsin, ixochiotsin, xiwtsin, atsin, kontsin, tapialtsin, xochitsin, ichantsin, ikowyotsin
  • NUM: setsin
  • PRON: tehwatsin

Verbal Features

• Aspect

• Imp
  • AUX: nekia
  • VERB-Fin: nikmatia, Tikihtowaya, kitaliayah, Tikmatiya, ijkaya, itsmolinia, kikixtiliayah, kikuayaj, kikwayah, kikwiah

• Perf
  • VERB-Fin: onkak, nikitak, nikitani, oksik, peuak, techpaleuij, tekokoj, Kinamakaj, TEKITIKEJ, kiijkuilojkej

• Prog
  • AUX: tiyetoskiyaj
  • VERB-Fin: nikixmattok, nikmattok, chijchiujtokej, xochiyojtok, kinetechojtok, nikitstok, tikixmattok, timonohnotstokeh, Ijkatok, chichiujtok

• Mood

• Cnd
  • AUX: eski, eskia, tiyetoskiyaj
  • VERB-Fin: Niknekiskia, timotajtanijtoskiyaj

• Imp
  • VERB-Fin: xtechtapowi, 'nechili, 'technohnotsa, xinechtapowi, xnechili, xnechtapowi

• Ind
  • VERB-Fin: mochiua, onkak, kikua, xochiyoua, monamaka, kualtia, kitoka, mochiwa, ixua, monotsa

• Opt
  • AUX: yetokan
  • VERB-Fin: tikixnextikan, kiixmatikan, kipepechokan, mochiuakan, tikihtokan, tikinixmatikan

• Prp
  • VERB-Fin: Chikawayati, kichkuati, kikuitij, kikwitih, motamiti, nanmontiotaki, nimoskalti, oksitiw, onkati, tamiti

• Tense

• Fut
  • AUX: uelis, eski
  • VERB-Fin: tayis, kisas, onkas, kikuas, kinemilis, tikmatis, timitstahtaniskeh, Nimitspalehuis, chijchiujtoskej, kiajsikamatis

• Past
  • VERB-Fin: onkak, nikitak, nikitani, oksik, peuak, techpaleuij, tekokoj, Kinamakaj, TEKITIKEJ, kiijkuilojkej

• Pqp
  • VERB-Fin: kipijpixka

• Pres
  • AUX: uelij
  • VERB-Fin: mochiua, kikua, xochiyoua, monamaka, kualtia, kitoka, mochiwa, ixua, monotsa, kitokaj

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

• PronType

• Prs
  • PRON: neh, yehwa, tehwan, yeh, yejua, teh, tehwatsin, tejuan, Yehua, ne

• Rel
  • ADV: kampa, kanpa

• Person

• 1
  • PRON: neh, tehwan, tejuan, ne, nehwa, nejua, teh

• 2
  • PRON: tehwatsin, teh, namehwan, tejua

• 3
  • PRON: yehwa, yeh, yejua, Yehua, yej

• Number[psor]

• Plur
  • NOUN: totaltikpak, tojomiuan, totalmanik, Tosemanauak, Totakayo, intokayuan, toatsin, todios, togalaxia, toixtololouan

• Sing
  • NOUN: itech, ika, iteyo, itakka, iuan, ichokilo, iteyotsin, ixochio, ixochiyo, itakilo

Other Features

• Animacy[obj]
  • Hum
    • VERB-Fin: tekokoj, tekwi, tenamiki, Nikochisneki, Nimitspalehuia, kitemaka, tekekeloua, tekixtiliah, tekui, tepahtia
  • Nhum
    • VERB-Fin: tapepechowah, takua, Kitatemolia, kitachipauis, tachijchiua, takauani, tamatemouaj, tamatis, tameuj, tamimilmeuaj

• Movement
  • Ven
    • VERB-Fin: Kiwalkwih, ualeua, kiualkui, kwalkwiah, mokuapiki

• NounType
  • Relat
    • NOUN: itech, ika, tsintan, kopa, iuan, ijtik, tenoj, ixko, pa, tampa

• Number[obj]
  • Plur
    • VERB-Fin: 'technohnotsa, techpaleuij, xtechtapowi, kiki, kinamaka, kinchijchiua, kininmaka, kininpoxtalilia, kinitas, kinixmatis
  • Sing
    • VERB-Fin: kikua, monamaka, kitoka, monotsa, kitokaj, kitokaytiaj, nimonotsa, kikwa, kipiya, kiluiaj

• Number[subj]
  • Plur
    • ADJ: Tsopek, Xohxoxoktik, Yemanik, teiktik, wehwei
    • AUX: tiyetoskiyaj, uelij, yetokan
    • NOUN: bolitas, kokonemej, xiuit
    • PRON: tisekimeh
    • VERB-Fin: kitokaj, kitokaytiaj, kiluiaj, kikwah, kijtouaj, kiliah, kikwih, kichiwah, kikuaj, tikiliah
  • Sing
    • ADJ: sesek, istak, totonik, welik, uelik, kwali, tsikitsitsin, chichiltik, pisiltik, tsopek
    • ADV: neli, tiotak
    • AUX: eski, yetok, etok, eskia
    • NOUN: pahti, nanakat, xiuit, kuouit, pajti, xiwit, chilaj, cimarrón, criollo, etaj
    • PROPN: niMaria, niErnesto, niRuben
    • VERB-Fin: mochiua, onkak, kikua, xochiyoua, monamaka, kualtia, kitoka, mochiwa, ixua, monotsa

• Person[obj]
  • 1
    • VERB-Fin: 'technohnotsa, techpaleuij, xtechtapowi, nechtokaytia, techpaleuia, tinechyolmelaw, titechtapowis, xnechtapowi
  • 2
    • VERB-Fin: timitstahtaniskeh, nimitsilia, nimitstahtania
  • 3
    • VERB-Fin: kikua, monamaka, kitoka, monotsa, kitokaj, kitokaytiaj, nimonotsa, kikwa, kipiya, kiluiaj

• Person[psor]
  • 1
    • NOUN: notokay, totaltikpak, tojomiuan, totalmanik, Tosemanauak, Totakayo, notatahwan, toatsin, todios, togalaxia
  • 2
    • NOUN: motokay, moaltepe
  • 3
    • NOUN: itech, ika, iteyo, itakka, iuan, ichokilo, iteyotsin, ixochio, ixochiyo, itakilo

• Person[subj]
  • 1
    • AUX: tiyetoskiyaj
    • NOUN: nikayot
    • PRON: tisekimeh
    • PROPN: niMaria, niErnesto, niRuben
    • VERB-Fin: nimonotsa, nikmati, nikixmattok, niwalew, nikita, nikmattok, tikiliah, nikmatia, tikitaj, niwalewa
  • 2
    • VERB-Fin: tikihtowa, tikixmati, timonotsa, 'technohnotsa, Tikihtowaya, tikixmattok, tikmatis, tiwalewa, xtechtapowi, 'nechili
  • 3
    • ADJ: sesek, istak, totonik, welik, uelik, kwali, tsikitsitsin, chichiltik, pisiltik, tsopek
    • ADV: neli, tiotak
    • AUX: eski, yetok, etok, eskia, uelij, yetokan
    • NOUN: pahti, xiuit, nanakat, kuouit, pajti, xiwit, bolitas, chilaj, cimarrón, criollo
    • VERB-Fin: mochiua, onkak, kikua, xochiyoua, monamaka, kualtia, kitoka, mochiwa, ixua, monotsa

• Subcat
  • Intr
    • AUX: uelij
    • VERB-Fin: onkak, xochiyoua, kualtia, ixua, kwaltia, moskaltia, taki, kisa, oksi, peua
  • Tran
    • VERB-Fin: mochiua, kikua, monamaka, kitoka, mochiwa, monotsa, kitokaj, kitokaytiaj, nimonotsa, kikwa

• Typo
  • Yes
    • ADV: Nika
    • NUM: 1
    • VERB-Fin: Nochiua, kiki

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

• This corpus uses 1 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: etok.

• This corpus uses 5 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: ma, hueli, neki, huetsi, nemi.

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

• nsubj
  • VERB--NOUN (1)
  • VERB--PRON (1)
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN (96)
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN-Abs (93)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON (536)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON-Abs (10)

• obj
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN (141)
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN-Abs (107)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON (59)

• iobj
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN (5)
  • VERB-Fin--NOUN-Abs (5)
  • VERB-Fin--PRON (2)

Relations Overview

• This corpus uses 1 relation subtypes: acl:relcl
• The following 3 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: expl, clf, list

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