UD Swiss German UZH
Language: Swiss German (code: gsw
)
Family: IE
This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.5 release.
The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Noëmi Aepli.
Repository: UD_Swiss_German-UZH
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.15
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Genre: fiction, news, blog, wiki, nonfiction
Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Swiss German-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [naepli (æt) cl • uzh • ch]. Development of the treebank happens directly in the UD repository, so you may submit bug fixes as pull requests against the dev branch.
Annotation | Source |
---|---|
Lemmas | not available |
UPOS | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD, with some manual corrections of the conversion |
XPOS | annotated manually |
Features | not available |
Relations | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
Description
UD_Swiss_German-UZH is a tiny manually annotated treebank of 100 sentences in different Swiss German dialects and a variety of text genres.
This repository presents work on Universal Dependency Parsing for Swiss German, which has been done as part of the Master’s Thesis Parsing Approaches for Swiss German at the Institute for Computational Linguistics at the University of Zurich.
The provided resources consist of 100 Swiss German sentences (from different sources), manually annotated with part-of-speech tags and universal dependencies.
NOAH’s Corpus of Swiss German Dialects was used as a resource for the Swiss German part-of-speech tagging process - a process preliminary to parsing.
Annotation
In general, we follow the German guidelines UD for German.
The POS annotations are generally based on the German guidelines, namely the Stuttgart-Tübingen-TagSet (STTS) and some changes according to the TIGER annotation scheme. Furthermore, dealing with Swiss German, there is the need for an additional POS tag PTKINF
, not present in the STTS tagset, as well as for the “meta tag” TAG+
.
PTKINF
is an infinitive particle which does not exist in Standard German but is frequently used in dialects. It comes in the form of go, cho, goge, lo to name a few, as in Si gönd go poschte. (They go shopping.) In the Standard German translation, Sie gehen einkaufen., we can see that there is no equivalent.TAG+
is used to handle merged words; we introduced the “+“-sign which can be added to any PoS tag. In the STTS there is one tag like this: theAPPRART
, used for combinations of articles and prepositions like im consisting of in + dem (in the). However, in Swiss German these kind of merges are performed with any kind of words and just merging the tags would result in a big tagset. Therefore we decided to use the “head” of the word or the first word as tag and simply add a plus to show that this word incorporates another one Hollenstein and Aepli, 2014. Like this, they can easily be found and, if needed, manually expanded. Frequent examples of such words include hemmer (haben + wir), häts (hat + es), and sinz (sind + sie), for we have, it has and they are.
The Universal Dependency POS (UPOS) tags are converted according to the mapping provided by the Universal Dependency. Additionaly:
PTKINF
are converted toPART
- the plus sign in
TAG+
are disgarded
Acknowledgments
This work has been performed at the University of Zurich by Noëmi Aepli with the help of Simon Clematide.
References
- Citation:
@inproceedings{aepli2018parsing,
title={{Parsing Approaches for Swiss German}},
author={No\"emi Aepli and Simon Clematide},
booktitle={{Proceedings of the 3rd Swiss Text Analytics Conference (SwissText), Winterthur, Switzerland}},
year={2018}
}
Statistics of UD Swiss German UZH
POS Tags
ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X
Features
Relations
acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – aux:pass – case – cc – ccomp – compound – compound:prt – conj – cop – csubj – dep – det – expl – fixed – flat – iobj – mark – nmod – nmod:poss – nsubj – nsubj:pass – nummod – obj – obl – parataxis – punct – root – xcomp
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- This corpus contains 100 sentences and 1444 tokens.
- This corpus contains 176 tokens (12%) that are not followed by a space.
- This corpus does not contain words with spaces.
- This corpus contains 12 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: Baguetteschliff-Diamante, Chaux-de-Fonds, Informations-, Marie-Claire, Mercury-atlas-8-flug, Mont-pèlerin, Möhli-basel, Natsi-spiler, PowerPoint-Präsentation, Schloss-heer, Scientology-Chilä, YB-Fans
Morphology
Tags
- This corpus uses 15 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
- This corpus does not use the following tags: INTJ, SYM
- This corpus contains 12 word types tagged as particles (PART): am, go, hi, los, nid, nöd, nümm, ume, use, uuf, uus, z
- This corpus contains 1 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): _
- This corpus contains 1 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): _
- Out of the above, 1 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: _
- This corpus contains 1 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): _
- Out of the above, 1 lemmas occurred sometimes as AUX and sometimes as VERB: _
- This corpus does not use the VerbForm feature.
Nominal Features
Degree and Polarity
Verbal Features
Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers
Other Features
Syntax
Auxiliary Verbs and Copula
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: _.
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: _.
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as passive auxiliaries (aux:pass). Examples: _.
Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts
Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).
- nsubj
- VERB--NOUN (24)
- VERB--PRON (44)
- obj
- VERB--NOUN (30)
- VERB--PRON (22)
- iobj
- VERB--NOUN (1)
- VERB--PRON (6)
Relations Overview
- This corpus uses 5 relation subtypes: acl:relcl, aux:pass, compound:prt, nmod:poss, nsubj:pass
- The following 8 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: vocative, dislocated, discourse, clf, list, orphan, goeswith, reparandum