Person: person
In Kyrgyz, Person is a feature of personal pronouns, and verbs.
Person marking on verbs are obligatory in Kyrgyz for all finite verb forms.
The Person marker on predicates indicate the subject when there is
no over subject.
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
It is used for pronouns Мен ‘I’ and биз ‘we’ and their inflected forms, and verbs with a first person plural/singular agreement suffix.
Examples
- Мен ‘I’
- мени менен ‘with me’
- *меники* ‘the one that belongs to us’
- (мен) окудум ‘I read-PAST’ – note the optionality of the subject
- (биз) окуйбуз ‘We read-FUT’
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
It is used for pronouns сен ‘you-SING’ and сиз ‘you-PLU’ (informal), силер ‘you-PLU’ (formal) and their inflected forms, and verbs with a second person plural/singular agreement suffix.
The second person singular agreement suffix is null for verbs in imperative form.
Examples
- сени ‘you(SG)-ACC’
- *сизи менен* ‘with you(PL)’
- *сиз да* ‘you(PL)-LOC - on/at you(PL)’
- оку! ‘read!’
- (сен) окудун ‘you(SG) read-PAST’
- (сиз) окуйсуз ‘you(PL) read-FUT’
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
It is used for pronouns ал ‘he/she/it’ and алар ‘they’ and their inflected forms, and verbs with a second third plural/singular agreement suffix. The third person singular agreement suffix is null in most cases.
Examples
- ага ‘he/she/it-DAT’
- алар менен ‘with them’
- (ал) окуду ‘he/she read-PAST’
- (алар) окушту ‘they read-PAST’ – note the optionality of the agreement on the verb
Person in other languages: [aqz] [arr] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [en] [es] [eu] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gn] [gub] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [ky] [myu] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [quc] [ru] [sl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl]