DeixisRef: person to which deixis is relative
DeixisRef
DeixisRef is a feature of demonstrative pronouns, determiners, and adverbs, accompanying Deixis when necessary. Deixis encodes position of an entity relative to either the speaker or the hearer. If it is necessary to distinguish the person whose location is the reference point (speaker or hearer), DeixisRef is used. DeixisRef is not needed if all deictic expressions in the language are relative to the same person (probably the speaker), or if they do not distinguish the reference point.
Pomak nouns, adjectives, pronouns and adverbs may be tagged with DeixisRef along with Deixis when one of the suffixes
.
1: deixis relative to the first person participant (speaker)
Examples
- górmos “the tree [here near me or near both the speaker and the listener - proximal]”
Deixis=Prox|DeixisRef=1
2: deixis relative to the second person participant (listener)
Examples
- górmot “the tree [there near you or near the listener - proximal]”
Deixis=Prox|DeixisRef=2
3: deixis that marks the distance from both participants (speaker and listener) - distal
Examples
- górmon “the tree over there [far away from both the speaker and the listener - distal]” `Deixis=Remt’
DeixisRef in other languages: [qpm] [u]