UD Latin UDante
Language: Latin (code: la
)
Family: IE
This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.8 release.
The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Flavio Massimiliano Cecchini, Giovanni Moretti, Marco Passarotti, Rachele Sprugnoli, Daniela Corbetta, Federica Favero, Federica Gamba, Martina de Laurentiis, Giulia Pedonese, Andrea Peverelli, Elena Vagnoni, Mirko Tavoni.
Repository: UD_Latin-UDante
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.15
License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
Genre: nonfiction, poetry, email
Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Latin-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [flavio • cecchini (æt) unicatt • it]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.
Annotation | Source |
---|---|
Lemmas | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD, with some manual corrections of the conversion |
UPOS | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD, with some manual corrections of the conversion |
XPOS | annotated manually |
Features | annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD, with some manual corrections of the conversion |
Relations | annotated manually, natively in UD style |
Description
The UDante treebank is based on the Latin texts of Dante Alighieri, taken from the DanteSearch corpus, originally created at the University of Pisa, Italy.
It is a treebank of Latin language, more precisely of literary Medieval Latin (XIVth century).
This treebank includes 1 721 sentences (57 242 syntactic words) and consists of literary texts (letters, treatises, poetry). The treebank is licensed under the terms of CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
UDante includes the following Latin texts (mostly) by Dante Alighieri, or disputedly attibuted to him:
- De vulgari eloquentia: 13 873 syntactic words for 421 sentences over 2 books
- Monarchia: 23403 syntactic words for 682 sentences over 3 books
- Letters: 11 993 syntactic words for 376 sentences over 13 letters
- Questio de aqua et terra: 5 243 syntactic words for 133 sentences
- Eclogues: 2 730 syntactic words for 111 sentences over 4 eclogues
The syntactic annotation of the UDante treebank has been created through a manual annotation process performed in the context of a collaboration between the University of Pisa (responsible: Mirko Tavoni) and the LiLa: Linking Latin project at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy (PI: Marco Passarotti). The annotation process was co-ordinated by Flavio Massimiliano Cecchini, Giovanni Moretti and Rachele Sprugnoli (all based at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore).
Acknowledgments
The LiLa project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme – Grant Agreement No. 769994.
We wish to thank all the annotators of the UDante treebank: Daniela Corbetta, Federica Favero, Federica Gamba, Martina de Laurentiis, Giulia Pedonese, Andrea Peverelli and Elena Vagnoni.
References
-
Flavio Massimiliano Cecchini, Rachele Sprugnoli, Giovanni Moretti, Marco Passarotti. 2020. UDante: First Steps Towards the Universal Dependencies Treebank of Dante’s Latin Works. In: Johanna Monti, Felice Dell’Orletta, Fabio Tamburini (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pp. 1-7 (link).
-
Gamba, F. and Zeman, D. (2023a). Universalising Latin Universal Dependencies: a harmonisation of Latin treebanks in UD. In Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW, GURT/SyntaxFest 2023), Washington, DC, USA, March. Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL).
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Gamba, F. and Zeman, D. (2023b). Latin Morphology through the Centuries: Ensuring Consistency for Better Language Processing. In Proceedings of the Ancient Language Processing Workshop associated with the 14th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing RANLP 2023, Varna, Bulgaria, September.
Statistics of UD Latin UDante
POS Tags
ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X
Features
Abbr – AdvType – Aspect – Case – Compound – Degree – Foreign – Form – Gender – InflClass – InflClass[nominal] – Mood – NameType – Number – Number[psor] – NumForm – NumType – NumValue – PartType – Person – Person[psor] – Polarity – Poss – PronType – Proper – Reflex – Tense – Variant – VerbForm – Voice
Relations
acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advcl:abs – advcl:cmp – advcl:pred – advcl:relcl – advmod – advmod:emph – advmod:lmod – advmod:neg – advmod:tmod – amod – appos – aux – aux:pass – case – cc – ccomp – ccomp:relcl – ccomp:reported – conj – conj:expl – cop – cop:outer – csubj – csubj:cleft – csubj:outer – csubj:pass – csubj:relcl – csubj:reported – det – det:numgov – discourse – dislocated:ccomp – dislocated:csubj – dislocated:obj – dislocated:obl – fixed – flat – flat:foreign – flat:gov – flat:name – flat:redup – mark – nmod – nmod:poss – nsubj – nsubj:cleft – nsubj:outer – nsubj:pass – nummod – obj – obl – obl:agent – obl:arg – obl:cmp – obl:lmod – obl:tmod – orphan – parataxis – parataxis:reporting – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp – xcomp:relcl
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- This corpus contains 1723 sentences, 55286 tokens and 55519 syntactic words.
- This corpus contains 8537 tokens (15%) that are not followed by a space.
- This corpus does not contain words with spaces.
- This corpus contains 14 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: d', l', ch', m', 'n, 'l, Vuo', avess', c', fe', perch', s', t', u'
- This corpus contains 232 multi-word tokens. On average, one multi-word token consists of 2.00 syntactic words.
- There are 149 types of multi-word tokens. Examples: nonne, etsi, cumque, mecum, nunquid, quinymo, Quidni, nonnullos, vobiscum, Romanorumque, eademque, eamque, eiusque, eodemque, hirteque, iamque, nobiscum, nonnulla, nonnulli, romanaque, secum, seipsum, sive, tecum, torquibusque, vosmetipsos, Cesarisque, Dantisque, Estne, Francorumque, Graiumque, Hiique, Hocne, Latinorumque, Niseque, Priamique, Quadrifluumne, Quodque, Romuleoque, Utque, Verumtamen, Vosne, abmotimque, accentibusque, alipedesque, aliusque, animusque, armentaque, armisque, arrectisque.
Morphology
Tags
- This corpus uses 16 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
- This corpus does not use the following tags: SYM
- This corpus contains 23 word types tagged as particles (PART): Siquidem, an, autem, ecce, en, enim, equidem, etenim, heu, igitur, itaque, met, nam, namque, nanque, ne, nempe, ni, non, num, o, quidem, quoque
- This corpus contains 14 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): aliquis, ego, inuicem, is, nemo, nihil, nos, qui, quicumque, quis, quisquis, sui, tu, uos
- This corpus contains 50 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): aliqualis, aliqui, alius, alter, alteruter, ambo, ceterus, cunctus, hic, huiusmodi, idem, ille, ipse, iste, meus, multus, neuter, noster, nullus, omnis, paucus, plerusque, qualis, quamplures, quantum, quantus, quantuslibet, qui, quicumque, quidam, quilibet, quispiam, quisquam, quisque, quot, reliquus, solus, suus, talis, tantus, tot, totidem, totus, tuus, uester, ullus, uniuersus, unus, unusquisque, uterque
- Out of the above, 2 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: qui, quicumque
- This corpus contains 1 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): sum
- There are 3 (de)verbal forms:
- Fin
- AUX: est, sunt, sit, fuit, esset, sint, erat, erit, fuisset, fuerit
- CCONJ: scilicet, puta, videlicet, idest
- SCONJ: licet, dumtaxat
- VERB: potest, patet, habet, dicimus, videtur, dicit, dico, oportet, dicitur, dicunt
- Inf
- AUX: esse, fuisse, fore
- NOUN: Ducatus, actu
- VERB: habere, facere, fieri, dici, dicere, posse, solvere, uti, velle, reduci
- Part
- ADJ: secundo, secunda, secundum, altior, secundam, altiorem, altius, secundus, altissimo, secunde
- ADP: secundum, adversus, versus
- ADV: sufficienter, inmediate, sursum, deorsum, recte, prorsus, merito, secundo, subito, absolute
- AUX: futura, ens, ente, futuram, futuris, futuro, futurum
- NOUN: natura, nature, naturam, subiectum, peccatum, figura, gentium, gentes, coniunx, figuram
- VERB: consequens, dictum, sciendum, existente, dicendum, converso, dicens, dicta, existens, factum
Nominal Features
- Fem
- ADJ: prima, propria, humane, divine, secunda, divina, humana, universalis, propriam, publice
- ADJ-Part: secunda, altior, secundam, altiorem, secunde, adversa, alta, altissimas, perplexis
- AUX-Part: futura, futuram
- DET: illa, sua, ipsa, hec, suam, hac, hanc, alia, quedam, sue
- NOUN: natura, terra, parte, ratio, aqua, forma, Ecclesie, causa, pars, terre
- NOUN-Part: natura, nature, naturam, figura, gentium, gentes, coniunx, figuram, gentem, mensura
- NUM: duas, due, duarum, tres, trium, duabus, tribus
- PRON: que, quam, qua, eius, cuius, ea, eam, quas, earum, quarum
- PROPN: Ytalie, Ytalia, Tuscia, Florentia, Ytaliam, Europa, Europe, Roma, Affrica, Florentiam
- VERB-Part: recta, considerata, diversas, facta, querenda, detecta, existente, adiuta, assumpta, contexta
- Masc
- ADJ: primo, Romanorum, romanus, romani, secundo, quarto, primus, Latinorum, primi, pius
- ADJ-Part: secundo, secundus, secundi, secundum, altior, altiori, altissimi, alto, secundis, secundorum
- AUX-Part: futurum
- DET: omnes, ipse, ille, ipsum, alii, omnibus, quidam, aliis, illum, unum
- NOUN: Dei, Deus, mundi, Deo, homo, finem, finis, homines, modo, hominem
- NOUN-Inf: Ducatus, actu
- NOUN-Part: soni, punctus, sonus, sponsum, coniugibus, legati, legato, legatos, legatus, obiectum
- NUM: duo, duos, duobus, tres, duorum, tribus
- PRON: qui, eius, quem, quo, quis, quos, eorum, eo, quorum, cui
- PROPN: Cristus, Petrus, Cristi, Petri, Cristum, Livius, Nicomacum, Cesaris, Guido, Lucanus
- VERB-Part: dicens, existente, factus, usi, dicentes, dicentem, loquens, poetati, volentes, agens
- Neut
- ADJ: humanum, manifestum, necesse, verum, illustre, falsum, inpossibile, primum, impossibile, digna
- ADJ-Part: secundum, altius, altissimo, secundo, alta, altiora, altissimis, altum, iocunda, iocundum
- AUX-Part: ens, ente, futura, futuris, futuro
- DET: hoc, illud, aliud, unum, omnia, hiis, quantum, ipsum, hec, omne
- NOUN: genus, iure, imperium, celum, vulgare, iudicium, principium, verba, celo, imperii
- NOUN-Part: subiectum, peccatum, subiecto, ente, littora, decreta, dicto, ens, entia, fluenta
- NUM: duo, tria, duorum, tribus, duobus
- PRON: quod, que, quo, quid, ea, aliquid, quicquid, quibus, eo, cuius
- PROPN: Latio, Politicis, Capitolium, Menala, Aquino, Bornello, Bornio, Capitolia, Latium, Mediolani
- VERB-Part: consequens, dictum, sciendum, dicendum, converso, factum, dicta, consequentis, loquendo, canenda
- Plur
- ADJ: romanorum, digna, inferioribus, Latinorum, illustres, inferiora, superioribus, ytalorum, publica, superiora
- ADJ-Part: secundis, alta, altiora, altissimas, altissimis, iocunda, perplexis, secundorum
- AUX-Fin: sunt, sint, essent, fuerunt, sumus, erant, fuerint, erunt, essemus, estis
- AUX-Part: futura, futuris
- DET: omnes, hiis, omnia, omnibus, aliis, suis, hec, quedam, omnium, illa
- NOUN: homines, verba, pedes, hominum, cantiones, carminum, leges, signa, partes, rerum
- NOUN-Part: gentium, gentes, littora, decreta, kalendas, entia, fluenta, Scripturis, dicta, facta
- NUM: duo, tria, duorum, duobus, tres, duos, tribus, duas, due, duarum
- PRON: que, qui, nobis, nos, eorum, ea, quibus, vobis, quorum, quos
- PROPN: Politicis, Grai, Menala, Capitolia, Deciis, Deciorum, Fauni, Gadibus, Ghisileriis, Paralipomenon
- VERB-Fin: dicimus, dicunt, possunt, videntur, habent, videmus, vocamus, habemus, possumus, debent
- VERB-Part: dicta, canenda, diversa, usi, dicentes, dicendorum, diversas, poetati, premissis, volentes
- Sing
- ADJ: humanum, manifestum, necesse, prima, verum, primo, primum, illustre, romanus, falsum
- ADJ-Part: secundo, secunda, secundum, altior, secundam, altiorem, altius, secundus, altissimo, secunde
- AUX-Fin: est, sit, fuit, esset, erat, erit, fuisset, fuerit, es, sum
- AUX-Part: ens, ente, futura, futuram, futuro, futurum
- DET: hoc, illud, unum, ipsum, illa, aliud, huius, sua, ipse, ille
- NOUN: Dei, Deus, natura, terra, parte, mundi, genus, ratio, Deo, iure
- NOUN-Inf: Ducatus, actu
- NOUN-Part: natura, nature, naturam, subiectum, peccatum, figura, coniunx, figuram, gentem, mensura
- PRON: quod, qui, quo, que, eius, quam, quid, me, te, qua
- PROPN: Cristus, Petrus, Cristi, Ytalie, Petri, Cristum, Livius, Nicomacum, Cesaris, Ytalia
- VERB-Fin: potest, patet, habet, videtur, dicit, dico, oportet, dicitur, sequitur, possit
- VERB-Part: consequens, dictum, sciendum, existente, dicendum, converso, dicens, existens, factum, presens
- Abl
- ADJ: primo, secundo, prima, quarto, proprio, tertio, naturali, propria, celesti, comuni
- ADJ-Part: secundo, altissimo, secunda, secundis, alta, altiori, altissimis, alto, perplexis
- AUX-Part: ente, futuris, futuro
- DET: hiis, illo, omnibus, sua, suis, aliis, hac, hoc, illa, suo
- NOUN: parte, iure, modo, celo, ratione, principio, forma, tempore, genere, natura
- NOUN-Inf: actu
- NOUN-Part: natura, subiecto, ente, figura, dicto, Scripturis, incepto, mensura, meritis, precepto
- NUM: duobus, tribus, duabus
- PRON: quo, qua, eo, se, quibus, vobis, me, nobis, ea, te
- PROPN: Tuscia, Ytalia, Florentia, Europa, VIRGILIO, Cesare, Cristo, Politicis, Annibale, Asya
- VERB-Part: existente, converso, loquendo, premissis, subiciendo, viso, Sancto, affirmando, athletizantibus, detecta
- Acc
- ADJ: humanum, illustre, verum, propriam, divinam, primum, liberum, proprium, romanum, primam
- ADJ-Part: secundam, altiorem, secundum, alta, altissimas, altum
- AUX-Part: ens, futura, futuram, futurum
- DET: hoc, ipsum, unum, illud, quantum, suam, hanc, omnia, illam, illum
- NOUN: finem, hominem, modum, imperium, naturam, veritatem, vulgare, causam, pedes, terram
- NOUN-Part: naturam, figuram, gentem, subiectum, decreta, kalendas, fluenta, gentes, mensuram, peccatum
- NUM: duo, duos, duas, tria, tres
- PRON: quod, se, quam, que, quem, te, me, quid, ea, aliquid
- PROPN: Cristum, Nicomacum, Ytaliam, Eneam, Petrum, Florentiam, Romam, Cesarem, Guidonem, Mopsum
- VERB-Part: consequens, diversa, dicentem, diversas, loquentem, presens, regendum, sanctum, volentem, dicta
- Dat
- ADJ: divine, inferioribus, primo, publice, humane, Ytalis, optimis, romano, Auguste, Nobiliori
- DET: omnibus, aliis, uni, alteri, cunctis, illi, soli, suis, illis, suo
- NOUN: Ecclesie, domino, homini, terre, domine, hominibus, imperio, iustitie, nature, principibus
- NOUN-Part: nature, Scripture, genti, legato, peccatis
- NUM: duobus
- PRON: sibi, nobis, tibi, cui, vobis, michi, ei, eis, quibus, mi
- PROPN: Enee, Mopso, Cesari, Cristo, Margarite, Petro, DANTI, IOHANNI, Moysi, Pilato
- VERB-Part: intuenti, inspicienti, inferenti, versificantibus, Exulanti, Sanctissimo, Uncto, amanti, attentis, beatis
- Gen
- ADJ: romanorum, primi, Latinorum, humane, romani, divine, humani, universalis, prime, romane
- ADJ-Part: secunde, secundi, altissimi, secundorum
- DET: huius, omnium, totius, sue, illius, aliorum, ipsius, sui, unius, nostre
- NOUN: Dei, mundi, terre, Ecclesie, imperii, hominum, iuris, rei, nature, celi
- NOUN-Part: nature, gentium, Sponse, peccati, soni, gentis, litoris, meritorum, Scripturarum, Scripture
- NUM: duorum, duarum, trium
- PRON: eius, cuius, eorum, quorum, sui, earum, alicuius, quarum, aliquorum, cuiuscunque
- PROPN: Cristi, Ytalie, Petri, Cesaris, Alagherii, Christi, Europe, Sarni, ALAGHERII, Henrici
- VERB-Part: consequentis, agentis, antecedentis, dicendorum, loquentis, auctorizandi, dicentis, militantis, premiandi, puniendi
- Loc
- PROPN: Florentie, Mediolani, Pergami, Vercellis
- Nom
- ADJ: manifestum, necesse, humanum, romanus, prima, inpossibile, verum, impossibile, falsum, primum
- ADJ-Part: secunda, altior, altius, secundum, secundus, adversa, altiora, iocunda, iocundum
- AUX-Part: futura
- DET: hoc, hec, illa, aliud, ille, ipse, omnes, quedam, illud, omnis
- NOUN: ratio, homo, pars, finis, aqua, natura, terra, causa, genus, virtus
- NOUN-Inf: Ducatus
- NOUN-Part: natura, subiectum, peccatum, coniunx, littora, figura, gentes, mensura, ens, gens
- NUM: duo, tria, tres, due
- PRON: que, quod, qui, quis, quid, nos, ego, quicquid, tu, id
- PROPN: Cristus, Petrus, Livius, Guido, Lucanus, Mopsus, Lucas, Tityrus, Tullius, Cesar
- VERB-Part: dictum, sciendum, consequens, dicendum, dicens, existens, factum, dicta, facta, datum
- Voc
- ADJ: carissime, bone, diversos, fortunate, Illustrissime, Latiales, Romane, Transtiberine, Ultima, alma
- DET: mea, mei, mi, nostra
- NOUN: Domine, lector, senex, altitudo, genus, proles, Stulte, carnifices, censor, clementia
- NOUN-Part: natura, sponsa
- PRON: Tu
- PROPN: Tityre, Mopse, Apollo, Melibee, Petre, Florentia, Paule, Polipheme, Sathana, Urse
- VERB-Part: cessure, desinens, nate, obcecati, peritura, punita, septi
Degree and Polarity
- Abs
- ADJ: optimum, potissima, ultimum, optima, gravissimum, maxima, summi, ultima, nobilissima, nobilissimum
- ADJ-Part: altissimo, altissimas, altissimi, altissimis
- ADV: maxime, optime, ymo, potissime, minime, ultimo, demum, immo, carissime, evidentissime
- ADV-Part: accuratissime, diligentissime, excellentissime, perfectissime
- DET: perplures, permultis
- VERB-Part: sanctissimo, perfectissimum, potentissimo, promptissima, promptissimam, volentissimo
- Cmp
- ADJ: inferioribus, maior, altior, inferiora, melius, superioribus, superiorem, inferior, maioris, superiora
- ADJ-Part: altior, altiorem, altius, altiora, altiori
- ADV: magis, superius, potius, prius, melius, inferius, minus, ulterius, iterum, amplius
- ADV-Part: perfectius, rectius, affluentius, confidentius, consultius, discretius, districtius, excellentius, scientius
- DET: plura, quamplures, plures, pluribus, plus, plurium, quamplurium
- VERB-Part: ardentiori, perfectior, perfectiori, sanctius
- Dim
- ADJ: parvuli, parvulos, parvulus, recurvella
- NOUN: capelle, circulus, navicula, tabernaculi, vallo, vascula, agellum, alveolus, areola, bacillo
- Neg
- ADJ: inpossibile, impossibile, iniustum, inmeritus, inconveniens, ignari, impari, impius, incorruptibilis, inopina
- ADV: nunquam, nondum, inconvenienter, iniuste, nequaquam, nichil, nimirum, inconsulte, inmediate, nequicquam
- ADV-Part: inconsulte, inmediate
- CCONJ: nec, neque, necnon, nedum
- DET: nulla, nullo, nullum, nulli, nullus, nullius, nullam, nullos, nullis, neutrum
- NOUN: nefas, negotii, negotium, ignominiam, incertitudine, incertitudo, iniuriam, iniurias
- PART: non, ni, ne
- PRON: nichil, nemo, nil, neminem, nemini, nihil
- SCONJ: nisi, ne, quin, ni, necubi
- VERB-Fin: nescio, nescit, ignoscet, nescis
- VERB-Inf: infirmari, insanisse, invidere
- VERB-Part: ignoscendum, indignata, insperate, nesciens
- Greek
- ADJ: Emilida, Pactolida, polisemos
- NOUN: econ, melos, Abidon, boreas, delphyna, ethra
- PROPN: Tityron, Andromache, Caucason, Iesu, Lethen, Leucothoen, Libies, Moysi, Paralipomenon, Pirenen
Verbal Features
- Imp
- AUX-Fin: est, sunt, sit, esset, sint, erat, erit, es, essent, sum
- AUX-Inf: esse
- AUX-Part: ens, ente
- VERB-Fin: potest, patet, habet, dicimus, videtur, dicit, dico, oportet, dicitur, dicunt
- VERB-Inf: habere, facere, fieri, dici, dicere, posse, solvere, uti, velle, reduci
- VERB-Part: consequens, existente, dicens, existens, presens, consequentis, dicentes, loquens, agentis, antecedentis
- Inch
- VERB-Fin: deposco, cognoscat, cognoscitur, innotescet, innotescit, arescant, asciscunt, calescunt, cognoscant, cognoscebant
- VERB-Inf: innotescere, cognoscere, asciscere, consciscere, exolescere, flavescere, mollescere, noscere, obstupescere, pascere
- VERB-Part: allubescentes, coruscantis, discens, gliscentem, inardescens, pavescentes, poscente, tabescentes
- Perf
- AUX-Fin: fuit, fuisset, fuerit, fuerunt, fuerat, fuerint, fuistis, fueram, fuere, fueritis
- AUX-Inf: fuisse, fore
- VERB-Fin: fecit, inquit, dixit, potuit, diximus, persuasit, vidit, dedit, cepit, dixi
- VERB-Inf: dixisse, cecinisse, poetasse, transcendisse, vidisse, cognovisse, divertisse, intendisse, obtinuisse, remansisse
- VERB-Part: dictum, converso, dicta, factum, facta, datum, diversa, causatum, factus, usi
- Prosp
- AUX-Part: futura, futuram, futuris, futuro, futurum
- VERB-Inf: adfore
- VERB-Part: sciendum, dicendum, loquendo, canenda, advertendum, agendum, dicenda, dicendorum, querenda, subiciendo
- Imp
- VERB-Fin: dic, nolite, venite, Vade, ades, age, parcite, respice, Assumite, Audi
- Ind
- AUX-Fin: est, sunt, fuit, erat, erit, es, sum, fuerunt, sumus, fuerat
- VERB-Fin: potest, patet, habet, dicimus, videtur, dicit, dico, oportet, dicitur, dicunt
- Sub
- AUX-Fin: sit, esset, sint, fuisset, fuerit, essent, fuerint, foret, essemus, sim
- VERB-Fin: possit, posset, habeat, fiat, sequeretur, habeant, possint, videatur, consideremus, consideretur
- Fut
- AUX-Fin: erit, eris, erunt, fueritis, fuero
- VERB-Fin: patebit, apparebit, movebitur, ostendetur, poterit, videbimus, constabit, demonstrabitur, Videbitis, conveniet
- Past
- AUX-Fin: esset, erat, fuisset, essent, fuerat, erant, foret, essemus, eram, eramus
- VERB-Fin: posset, dicebatur, sequeretur, poterat, dicebat, diceret, haberet, vellet, loqueretur, arguebatur
- Pres
- AUX-Fin: est, sunt, sit, fuit, sint, fuerit, es, sum, fuerunt, sumus
- VERB-Fin: potest, patet, habet, dicimus, videtur, dicit, dico, oportet, dicitur, dicunt
- Act
- VERB-Fin: potest, patet, habet, dicimus, dicit, dico, oportet, dicunt, possit, debet
- VERB-Inf: habere, facere, dicere, posse, solvere, velle, ligare, agere, videre, dependere
- VERB-Part: consequens, existente, dicens, existens, presens, consequentis, dicentes, loquens, agentis, antecedentis
- Pass
- VERB-Fin: videtur, dicitur, sequitur, videntur, dicebatur, movetur, queritur, sequeretur, locuntur, dividitur
- VERB-Inf: fieri, dici, uti, reduci, loqui, sequi, haberi, inveniri, operari, regi
- VERB-Part: dictum, sciendum, dicendum, converso, dicta, factum, facta, datum, diversa, loquendo
Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers
- Con
- ADV: solum, aliter, utrum, altrinsecus, utrinque, utrobique
- DET: aliud, alia, aliis, alii, aliorum, sola, alios, alterum, solus, solo
- SCONJ: utrum
- Dem
- ADV: sic, tam, tamen, ita, tunc, tantum, hinc, ideo, tanto, hic
- DET: hoc, illa, illud, hec, ipsum, huius, hiis, ipsa, ille, ipse
- PART: itaque, ecce
- PRON: Que
- Ind
- ADV: undique, nichil
- DET: unum, quedam, quidam, una, nulla, nullo, uno, multa, aliqua, nullum
- PRON: nichil, aliquid, nemo, alicuius, aliquo, nil, aliqua, neminem, aliquis, aliquorum
- Int
- ADV: quid
- PRON: quid, quis, quem, quo, cui, cuius, qua, que, qui, quos
- Prs
- DET: sua, suis, suam, suo, nostra, sue, suum, nostri, sui, nostre
- PRON: se, eius, nobis, sibi, me, te, ea, nos, eo, eorum
- Rcp
- PRON: invicem
- Rel
- ADV: unde, quid, ubi, quare, quando, quandoque, quam, quippe, qualiter, ubique
- CCONJ: quapropter, quia
- DET: quantum, quodcunque, quicunque, qualis, quot, quanta, que, quale, qualem, quantis
- PRON: quod, que, qui, quo, quam, qua, quem, cuius, quibus, quicquid
- SCONJ: ut, quod, cum, quia, quam, tanquam, quemadmodum, quantum, quoniam, quin
- Tot
- ADV: omnino, totaliter
- DET: omnes, omnia, omnibus, totum, omne, omnis, omnium, totius, omni, tota
- Card
- ADV: tantum, multum, plus, quantum, plurimum
- DET: unum, quantum, una, uno, multa, unius, tanta, plura, tot, multis
- NUM: duo, tria, duorum, duobus, tres, duos, tribus, duas, due, duodecim
- SCONJ: quantum
- Dist
- ADJ: duodena, singulis, tredena
- Mult
- ADV: semel, bis, dupliciter, ter, multotiens
- Ord
- ADJ: prima, primo, primum, primi, secundo, quarto, secunda, primus, tertio, tertium
- ADJ-Part: secundo, secunda, secundum, secundam, secunde, secundus, secundi, secundis, secundorum
- ADV: primo, primum, tertio, secundo, quinto, Quarto, primitus, tertium
- ADV-Part: secundo
- Yes
- DET: sua, suis, suam, suo, nostra, sue, suum, nostri, sui, nostre
- Yes
- DET: sua, suis, suam, suo, sue, suum, sui, suorum, suas, suos
- PRON: se, sibi, sui, sese, suimet
- 1
- AUX-Fin: sum, sumus, essemus, sim, eram, eramus, fueram, fuero, fui
- PRON: nobis, me, nos, ego, michi, mi, memet, mihi, nostrum
- VERB-Fin: dicimus, dico, videmus, vocamus, habemus, possumus, diximus, appellamus, intendimus, consideremus
- 2
- AUX-Fin: es, eris, estis, fuistis, sis, eratis, esses, fueritis, fuissetis, fuisti
- PRON: te, vobis, vos, tibi, tu, vosmet, tui, vestri
- VERB-Fin: dic, nolite, ades, venite, Vade, Videbitis, age, attendatis, dedisti, dignemini
- 3
- AUX-Fin: est, sunt, sit, fuit, esset, sint, erat, erit, fuisset, fuerit
- PRON: se, eius, sibi, ea, eo, eorum, sui, id, eis, eos
- VERB-Fin: potest, patet, habet, videtur, dicit, oportet, dicitur, dicunt, sequitur, possit
- Plur
- DET: nostra, nostri, nostre, noster, vestre, vestra, vestri, nostros, nostro, vestris
- Sing
- DET: mea, tuo, tua, meam, mei, tue, tuus, meis, meum, meus
Other Features
- Abbr
- Yes
- PROPN: G, L, A, B
- X: etc
- Yes
- AdvType
- Loc
- ADV: ergo, ibi, unde, ubi, hinc, inde, hic, preterea, ubique, undique
- ADV-Part: sursum, deorsum, prorsus
- SCONJ: ubi
- Tim
- ADV: nunc, iam, semper, tunc, quando, prius, quandoque, adhuc, iterum, tum
- Loc
- Compound
- Yes
- ADJ: manifestum, manifesta, duplex, duplici, duplicem, manifestam, manifestis, manifestissimam, participes, primogenitus
- ADP: pridie
- ADV: etiam, deinde, quare, ideo, adhuc, preterea, forsan, adeo, aliquando, proinde
- ADV-Part: extrorsum, introrsum
- CCONJ: scilicet, videlicet, quapropter, quinetiam, idest, Atqui
- CCONJ-Fin: scilicet, videlicet, idest
- DET: huiusmodi, aliqua, aliquod, aliquo, quilibet, quodcunque, aliquam, quelibet, quicunque, qualibet
- NOUN: principem, iurisdictio, iurisdictionem, princeps, principe, principibus, principes, principum, Pontificis, iurisdictionis
- NUM: duodecim, quindecim
- PART: etenim, Siquidem
- PRON: aliquid, invicem, alicuius, aliquo, aliqua, aliquis, aliquorum, quicunque, aliquam, aliquos
- PROPN: Lucifer, Luciferum
- SCONJ: sicut, velut, prout, tanquam, quemadmodum, quoniam, quasi, quamvis, postquam, dummodo
- SCONJ-Fin: dumtaxat
- VERB-Fin: significatur, multiplicatur, nuncupatur, significant, adirem, adivit, assuefiunt, benedicat, fructificat, glorificat
- VERB-Inf: significare, edificare, fructificare, honorificare, iustificare, neglexisse, possidere, retrocedere, satisfactum, testificari
- VERB-Part: neglectis, gratulantis, significata, versificantes, versificantibus, Crucifixi, assuefacti, belligerantes, benedictus, glorificando
- X: etc
- Yes
- Foreign
- Yes
- NOUN: cenith, Sabaoth, Alfa, El, Omega, Seraphin
- PROPN: Israel, Levi, David, Guinizelli, Ierusalem, Iacob, Amalech, Batifolle, Agag, Balaam
- X: che, amor, per, lo, de, amore, non, donna, sì, d'
- Yes
- Form
- Emp
- ADV: tamen, quandoque, quippe, undique, denique, ubique, plerunque, nequicquam, ubicunque, ibidem
- CCONJ: atque, ac
- DET: ipsum, ipsa, ipse, idem, ipsam, ipso, ipsi, ipsius, eadem, eodem
- PART: enim, quoque, nanque, etenim, equidem, itaque, namque, ecce, nempe
- PRON: quicquid, quicunque, quisquis, sese, vosmet, cuiuscunque, memet, suimet
- SCONJ: quanquam, quandoque, quantumcunque
- Emp
- InflClass
- IndEurA
- ADJ: prima, propria, humane, divine, secunda, divina, humana, propriam, publice, divinam
- ADJ-Part: secunda, altior, secundam, altiorem, secunde, adversa, alta, altissimas, perplexis, secundum
- DET: sua, suam, sue, nostra, nostre, suis, vestre, tanta, tua, meam
- NOUN: natura, terra, aqua, forma, Ecclesie, causa, terre, Ecclesia, nature, monarcha
- NOUN-Part: natura, nature, naturam, figura, figuram, mensura, kalendas, scriptura, Scripture, Sponse
- NUM: duas, due, duarum, duabus
- PROPN: Ytalie, Ytalia, Tuscia, Florentia, Lucas, Ytaliam, Europa, Eneam, Europe, Roma
- IndEurE
- NOUN: rei, rerum, res, rebus, re, fide, die, faciem, fidei, rem
- IndEurI
- ADJ: necesse, illustre, inpossibile, impossibile, universalis, temporalis, illustres, potissima, principalis, curiale
- DET: omnes, omnia, omnibus, omne, omnis, omnium, omni, talis, talia, qualis
- NOUN: iure, finem, finis, vulgare, iuris, ius, vulgari, artis, fine, mare
- NOUN-Part: gentium, gentes, gentem, ente, ens, entia, gens, gentis, entibus, entis
- NUM: tria, tres, tribus, trium
- PROPN: Dantes, Aristotiles, Dantis, DANTES, DANTI, Achemenides, Anubis, Aristotile, Averrois, Cavalcantis
- IndEurO
- ADJ: humanum, manifestum, verum, primo, primum, romanorum, romanus, falsum, primi, secundo
- ADJ-Part: secundo, secundum, altius, secundus, altissimo, secundi, secundis, alta, altior, altiora
- DET: quantum, suo, suum, suis, nostri, sui, noster, multa, sua, cunctis
- NOUN: Dei, Deus, mundi, Deo, imperium, celum, iudicium, modo, principium, verba
- NOUN-Part: subiectum, peccatum, subiecto, decreta, dicto, fluenta, peccati, soni, debitum, dicta
- NUM: duo, duorum, duobus, duos
- PROPN: Cristus, Petrus, Cristi, Petri, Cristum, Livius, Nicomacum, Lucanus, Mopsus, Alagherii
- IndEurU
- NOUN: versus, effectus, actus, cantus, spiritus, versibus, intellectu, sensum, actu, intellectus
- NOUN-Inf: Ducatus, actu
- NOUN-Part: obiectum
- PROPN: Iesu, Iesus, Iesum
- IndEurX
- ADJ: inferioribus, maior, inferiora, melius, superioribus, superiorem, inferior, maioris, superiora, minorem
- DET: pluribus, plus, plura
- NOUN: parte, genus, ratio, homo, pars, homines, hominem, pedes, ratione, virtus
- NOUN-Part: coniunx, littora, litora, litoris, coniugibus, litore, littorum, litus, occidente, oriente
- PRON: nemo, neminem, nemini
- PROPN: Cesaris, Guido, Cesar, Moysi, Apollo, Danielis, Athlas, Babel, Cesare, Cesarem
- LatA
- VERB-Fin: vocamus, restat, dubitat, appellamus, constat, probatur, dedit, consideremus, consideretur, probat
- VERB-Inf: ligare, distare, operari, superare, arbitrari, explicare, amare, dare, elevari, imitari
- VERB-Part: causatum, datum, probatum, considerata, poetati, notandum, ordinatus, probandum, adiuta, affirmando
- LatAnom
- AUX-Fin: est, sunt, sit, fuit, esset, sint, erat, erit, fuisset, fuerit
- AUX-Inf: esse, fuisse, fore
- AUX-Part: futura, ens, ente, futuram, futuris, futuro, futurum
- PRON: se, nobis, sibi, me, te, nos, vobis, vos, tibi, tu
- VERB-Fin: potest, possit, possunt, posset, vult, possumus, potuit, poterat, possint, refert
- VERB-Inf: posse, velle, adesse, inesse, nolle, ire, preesse, conferre, differre, ferri
- VERB-Part: presens, volentes, volentem, volens, illata, inferenti, nolentem, offerentes, redeuntes, transferendi
- LatE
- VERB-Fin: patet, habet, videtur, oportet, debet, videntur, habeat, habent, videmus, apparet
- VERB-Inf: habere, videre, dependere, patere, haberi, retinere, moveri, videri, debere, intueri
- VERB-Part: habens, videndum, viso, intuenti, visum, cavendum, contenta, contentum, continens, merendo
- LatI
- VERB-Fin: convenit, invenimus, reperitur, audiant, invenitur, venit, nescio, nescit, veni, audiat
- VERB-Inf: invenire, venire, sentire, inveniri, audire, devenire, pervenire, convenire, devincire, facere
- VERB-Part: sciendum, sanctum, inventa, Sancto, conveniens, inventum, puniendi, sancta, sancte, sanctissimo
- LatI2
- VERB-Fin: fit, ait, fecit, inquit, recipit, facit, fiat, incipit, faciunt, accipiunt
- VERB-Inf: facere, fieri, accipere, recipere, preterire, accipi, efficere, elicere, elici, interire
- VERB-Part: factum, facta, factus, subiciendo, incipientes, efficiens, inspicienti, accepti, accipiendo, capta
- LatPron
- DET: hoc, illa, illud, unum, hec, ipsum, aliud, quedam, huius, hiis
- PRON: quod, que, qui, quo, eius, quam, quid, qua, ea, quem
- LatX
- VERB-Fin: dicimus, dicit, dico, dicitur, dicunt, sequitur, dixit, dicebatur, intendit, contingit
- VERB-Inf: dici, dicere, solvere, uti, reduci, agere, loqui, sequi, ostendere, intendere
- VERB-Part: consequens, dictum, existente, dicendum, converso, dicens, dicta, existens, consequentis, diversa
- IndEurA
- InflClass[nominal]
- IndEurA
- AUX-Part: futura, futuram
- VERB-Part: recta, considerata, diversas, facta, querenda, detecta, adiuta, contexta, sancte, armonizata
- IndEurI
- AUX-Part: ens, ente
- VERB-Part: consequens, existente, dicens, existens, presens, consequentis, dicentes, loquens, agentis, antecedentis
- IndEurO
- AUX-Part: futura, futuris, futuro, futurum
- VERB-Part: dictum, sciendum, dicendum, converso, factum, dicta, datum, loquendo, canenda, causatum
- IndEurX
- VERB-Part: ardentiori, perfectior, perfectiori, sanctius, torrentis
- IndEurA
- NameType
- Ast
- NOUN: Solis, Solem
- PROPN: Titan, Eous, Hesperus, Lucifer, Luciferum, Phebe, Phebus, Titana
- Cal
- ADJ: Apriles, Februarias, Ianuariis, Iunias, Maias
- NOUN-Part: Kalendas
- PROPN: Pascha
- Com
- ADJ: Alborum
- NOUN: Ecclesie, Ecclesia, Imperium, Imperii, Ecclesiam, Imperio, Marchie, Consilium, Imperiatum, Imperiatus
- Geo
- ADJ: Castalias, Adriaci, Adriatici, Adriaticum, Ethnei, Ethneo, Ethnica, Fortunatas, Hyrcane, Pactolida
- NOUN: Marchia, Paradisi, Paradisus, Civitate, Paradisum, Abidon, Alpium, Austri, Ducatus, Infernus
- NOUN-Inf: Ducatus
- NOUN-Part: Strate
- PROPN: Ytalie, Ytalia, Tuscia, Florentia, Ytaliam, Europa, Europe, Ierusalem, Roma, Sarni
- Giv
- ADJ: Grandi, Felicis
- NOUN: Amata, Cani, Pyeridum
- PROPN: Petrus, Petri, Nicomacum, Israel, Lucanus, Lucas, Moysi, Alphesibeus, Dantes, David
- Let
- NOUN: A, B, C, D, f, z, H, G, u, x
- Lit
- ADJ: Eneidorum, Metaphysicorum, Ethicorum
- NOUN: Comedie, E, Comedia, Lictera, Licteris, Testamentum
- PROPN: Eneydem, Eneydos, Farsalie
- VERB-Part: Digestorum
- Met
- NOUN: boreas, hauster, haustri
- PROPN: Euri
- Nat
- ADJ: romanorum, romanus, romanum, romani, Latinorum, romane, romano, Bononienses, Ytalorum, romana
- NOUN: Macedo, Scitharum, Aonidum, Aragonum, Eacidarum, Gentilium, Levitico, Levitis, Ligurum, Saxones
- Oth
- PROPN: Capitolium, Capitolia
- Rel
- ADJ: Saturnia, cristiane, Cristiana, cristianam, cristianorum
- NOUN: Dei, Deus, Deo, Deum, Angelos, El, Musa, Seraphin, Victoria
- PROPN: Apollo, Amphitritis, Dardanus, Electra, Herculis, Acidis, Anubis, Apollini, Astrea, Chyron
- Sur
- ADJ: Alagherium, Curiatios, Graium, Oratios
- NOUN: Columpnis, Scala
- PROPN: Cristus, Cristi, Cristum, Livius, Alagherii, Tullius, Cristo, Christi, Guinizelli, Orosius
- X: Scala
- Ast
- NumForm
- Roman
- NUM: xv, I, II, clxxx, lxvij, xiiii, xxiij
- Word
- NUM: duo, tria, duorum, duobus, tres, duos, tribus, duas, due, duodecim
- Roman
- NumValue
- 1
- DET: unum, una, uno, unius, unam, uni, unus
- 2
- DET: ambo, ambobus, amborum
- 1
- PartType
- Emp
- PART: o, heu, ecce, met
- Int
- PART: ne, an, num
- Emp
- Person[psor]
- 1
- DET: nostra, nostri, nostre, noster, mea, nostros, meam, mei, nostro, meis
- 2
- DET: vestre, vestra, tuo, tua, vestri, tue, tuus, vestris, tui, tuis
- 3
- DET: sua, suis, suam, suo, sue, suum, sui, suorum, suas, suos
- 1
- Proper
- Yes
- ADJ: Metaphysicorum, Physicorum, Apostolice, Ethicorum, Grandi, Prima, Primi, naturali, Apostolicam, Buccolicis
- ADP: De, ad
- DET: Illum, Illius, Illo, Idem, Ipso
- NOUN: Dei, Deus, Deo, Ecclesie, Ecclesia, Imperium, Imperii, Phylosophus, Deum, Ecclesiam
- NOUN-Inf: Ducatus
- NOUN-Part: Nature, Scripture, Sponse, Natura, Scriptura, Scripturis, Scripturarum, Sponsa, Strate
- NUM: Sex
- PRON: Eo, Eius
- VERB-Part: Sancto, Sanctum, Sancti, Animante, Crucifixi, Digestorum, Sanctus, Uncto
- X: Scala, de, la
- Yes
Syntax
Auxiliary Verbs and Copula
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: sum.
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: sum.
- This corpus uses 1 lemmas as passive auxiliaries (aux:pass). Examples: sum.
Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts
Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).
- nsubj
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (52)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Abl (5)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Acc (11)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Gen (3)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Nom (889)
- VERB-Fin--PRON (9)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Acc (11)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Nom (391)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Voc (1)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN (5)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Acc (75)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Nom (14)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Acc (28)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Nom (5)
- VERB-Part--NOUN (6)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Abl (54)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Acc (16)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Nom (37)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Abl (7)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Acc (4)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Nom (19)
- obj
- VERB-Fin--NOUN (8)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Abl (2)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Abl-ADP(a) (1)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Acc (709)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Acc-ADP(per) (1)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Gen (1)
- VERB-Fin--NOUN-Nom (11)
- VERB-Fin--PRON (12)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Abl (5)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Acc (357)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Gen (1)
- VERB-Fin--PRON-Nom (5)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN (1)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Acc (238)
- VERB-Inf--NOUN-Dat (1)
- VERB-Inf--PRON (3)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Abl (1)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Acc (77)
- VERB-Inf--PRON-Nom (2)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Abl (1)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Acc (175)
- VERB-Part--NOUN-Nom (3)
- VERB-Part--PRON (3)
- VERB-Part--PRON-Acc (21)
Verbs with Reflexive Core Objects
- This corpus contains 36 lemmas that occur at least once with a reflexive core object (obj or iobj). Examples: habeo se, expono se, destruo se, do se, adtestor se, auctorizo se, cognosco se, consigno se, deuoueo se, dico se, dignor sese, dirigo se, erigo se, facio se, figo se, fingo se, iacto se, impedio se, infero se, innecto se, interimo se, mitto se, offero se, profundo se, recipio sua, recommendo se, sublimo suos, succingo se, suspendo se, tango suum, trado se, traho se, tribuo se, tueor se, uideo se, uolo se
Relations Overview
- This corpus uses 39 relation subtypes: acl:relcl, advcl:abs, advcl:cmp, advcl:pred, advcl:relcl, advmod:emph, advmod:lmod, advmod:neg, advmod:tmod, aux:pass, ccomp:relcl, ccomp:reported, conj:expl, cop:outer, csubj:cleft, csubj:outer, csubj:pass, csubj:relcl, csubj:reported, det:numgov, dislocated:ccomp, dislocated:csubj, dislocated:obj, dislocated:obl, flat:foreign, flat:gov, flat:name, flat:redup, nmod:poss, nsubj:cleft, nsubj:outer, nsubj:pass, obl:agent, obl:arg, obl:cmp, obl:lmod, obl:tmod, parataxis:reporting, xcomp:relcl
- The following 1 main types are not used alone, they are always subtyped: dislocated
- The following 7 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: iobj, expl, clf, compound, list, goeswith, dep