Case: case
| Values: | Ref | Loc | Tra | Dat | All | Abl |
Ref: Referential (Argumentative)
The referential case is used for the referential marker (also called argumentative, nominal). It is represented by the suffix -a/-aʔe which appears between two noun elements forming a genitival structure, between a noun phrase and a postposition, between a proposition and a subordinate, and between a constituent and certain clitics.
Examples
- apamabaʔekʷərakom “the customs of foreigners”
- wane pitaŋkomape “It is good for children.”
- pitaŋ oʔaranawe , eaɲ okakuwa ikiʔɨ “Once the child is born, he/she grows up quickly then.”
- apamanẽ nõdeapisitanẽ “The foreigners wanted to kill us.”
Loc: Locative
The locative case indicates the location. In Tekó, it is expressed with morphemes -pope (marks the static location or arrival point), -kapɨrer (lit. ‘behind’, used when two objects are in movement), -pɨteb/-bɨteb (lit. ‘in the middle of’), -pori/-puri (lit. ‘near’, ‘beside’), -ʔar (lit. ‘on’), -wɨb/-wɨrakotɨ/-wɨrarupi (‘under’), -õãtʃã (lit. ‘in front of’)
Examples
- awakʷər kijapope oʔao “A man is lying in a hammock.”
- tapug zekapɨrernẽ ʔɨb opopor ohoŋ “Splash, they dive into the water one behind the other.”
- okarabɨteb wãĩwĩ õhem oapĩgo “Women went out to sit in the middle of the yard.”
- epɨbɨrɨ Camopipori Cayenneawinẽ “It is more expensive in Camopi than in Cayenne.”
- ɨwɨʔar owedʒu kiʔɨ “He then comes down to the ground.”
- obowɨg iwɨb “She makes a fire down there.”
- sujeranõãtʃã wãĩwã oapɨg “The woman sat down in front of the pot.”
Tra: Traslative
The traslative case indicates that the object undergoes a transformation or will be realized in the future. It is expressed with the suffix -am/-m.
Examples
- wiroate tapɨdʒam obaʔeŋ “They made the house of palm leaves.”
- eredʒuwedʒ karaam “You want yam.”
Dat: Dative
The dative case indicates the indirect object of a verb. In Tekó, it is expressed with the suffix pe/-upe/-dʒupe.
Examples
- wane pitakomape “It is good for children.”
- opoʔo ɨŋa idʒupe omeʔeŋ “He/she picks a sweet pea and gives it to him/her.”
All: Allative
The allative case indicates a movement onto, or to the adjacency of something. In Tekó, it is expressed with the suffix -kotɨ.
Examples
- pitaŋ onan oho apɨdʒakotɨ “The child runs to his house.”
Abl: Ablative
The ablative case indicates a movement away from something, removal, separation, and the reference point of the comparison. It is marked with a suffix wi/-dʒuwi.
Examples
- pitaŋ owir wɨrawi oʔa “The child falls from the tree.”
- dizeraʔenawe oker idʒuwiŋ “At 10, they went to sleep without her.”
Diffs
Prague Dependency Treebank
The PDT tagset does not distinguish Ptan from Plur and Coll from Sing,
therefore this distinction is not being made in the converted data.
Case in other languages: [am] [apu] [arr] [bej] [bg] [cs] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [ga] [gn] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [ka] [kmr] [koi] [kpv] [ky] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [pcm] [ps] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [uz] [xcl]