VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
| Values: | Conv | Fin | Gdv | Inf | Part |
Even though the name of the feature seems to suggest that it is used
exclusively with verbs, it is not the case. The Part value can be used also with nouns (nominalized subject or resultative participles), to separate them from other verb forms or other types of nouns. Note, that some adjectives that fall in the gray zone between adjectives and participles are marked Part too.
Fin: finite verb
Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite. In Armenian this applies to conditional (also to connegative), indicative, imperative and subjunctive forms.
Examples
- կգնամ, կգնաս, կգնա, կգնանք, կգնաք, կգնան “I will go, you will go, he/she/it will go, we will go, you will go, they will go”,
- գիտեմ, գիտես, գիտի, գիտենք, գիտեք, գիտեն “I know, you know, he/she/it knows, we know, you know, they know”,
- գնացի, գնացիր, գնաց, գնացինք, գնացիք, գնացին “I went, you went, he/she/it went, we went, you went, they went”,
- եմ, ես, է, ենք, եք, են “I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are”,
- գնա՛, գնացե՛ք “go” (imperative in different numbers),
- գնամ, գնաս, գնա, գնանք, գնաք, գնան “I go.
Sub, you go.Sub, he/she/it go.Sub, we go.Sub, you go.Sub, they go.Sub”
Inf: infinitive
Infinitive is the citation form of verbs. In Armenian it has non-finite form. It is used with the auxiliary տալ to form periphrastic causative voice, and it appears as the argument of other verbs.
Examples
- խմել տվեցի “I made him drink”,
- կարող ես գնալ “you can go”,
- որոշեցի անմիջապես չասել “I decided not to say immediately”
Part: participle, verbal adjective
Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. In Armenian it may be used to form complex tenses and can be also used purely adjectively.
In Armenian linguistics, these words are normally called converbs. However, since the UD definition Part partially covers the use of converbs, we use the same label.
Note, that the so called negative participle is used to form negated periphrastic conditional forms. We mark them Connegative.
Armenian has seven types of participles:
- The resultative participle is used to form the indicative mood in present perfect resultative, imperfect in the past resultative and proper resultative tense. It can be also used adjectively and can be negated.
- The subject participle can be used only adjectively and can be negated.
- The imperfective participle is used to form the indicative mood in present or imperfect tense.
- The future-I participle is used to form the indicative mood in present prospective (future) or imperfect prospective (future-in-the-past) tense.
- The future-II (state of prospective action) participle can be used only adjectively and can be negated.
- The perfect participle is used to form the indicative mood in present perfect or imperfect-in-the-past (past perfect) tense.
- The processual (progressive) participle is used to form the indicative mood in present or imperfect tense for the verbs գալ, լալ, տալ.
Note that the processual (progressive), resultative and future-I participles can be used to form the secondary complex tenses (with the auxiliary լինել in any tense or mood).
Note also that resultative, subject and future-II participles, that fall in the gray zone between adjectives and participles and can be also used adjectively, are marked Part too.
Participles will have Aspect, Voice and Subcat.
Examples
- քնած, գրած, ուղարկված, կանգնեցված “slept, written, sent, raised” (resultative participle, in different voices),
- գրող, մեռնող, տվող, եղող, բացվող “(smth.) writing, dying, giving, beeing, opening” (subject participle, in different voices),
- սիրում, խոսվում, բարձրացվում “love; smth. to be speaking about; beeing raised” (imperfective participle, in different voices),
- տեսնելու, լվացվելու, մեղմացվելու “for seeing, for washing, for beeing extenuated” (future-I participle, in different voices),
- կարդալիք, կառուցվելիք “(smth.) to be read, to be built” (future-II participle, in different voices),
- գնացել, խմել, դրել “have done, have drunk, have put” (perfect participle, in different voices),
- գալիս եմ/էի, տալիս եմ/էի, լալիս եմ/էի, աշխատելիս է եղել “I am/was coming, I am/was giving, I am/was crying, he has been working” (processual participle in different moods and tenses)
Conv: converb, adverbial participle
The converb, also called adverbial participle or transgressive, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.
Verbs form transgressive meaning “while doing”.
Examples
- վազելիս ընկա “I fell while running”,
- կարդալիս ննջեց “he slept while reading”,
- ուտելիս շտապում է “he hurries while eating”
Gdv: gerundive
Gerundive in Armenian is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns. They inflect for Case, Definite, Number, Number[psor] and Person[psor].
Not to confuse with gerund.
Examples
- սպանվելու միտքը ծանր էր “lit: the thought of to be killed was hard”,
- սովոր էր մենակ ծննդաբերելուն “lit: she get used to give birth alone”,
- մտնելուց հետո “after entering”,
- մոտեցավ վազելով “lit: he came up running”,
- ճառելում նա հմուտ էր “lit: he was skillful in telling speeches”
VerbForm in other languages: [ab] [abq] [akk] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cu] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gub] [gun] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myv] [orv] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl]