VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
| Values: | Conv | Fin | Inf | Part | Vnoun | NomAg |
The feature VerbForm can be used for verbal or deverbal elements in matrix and embedded clauses.
As of now, the Tatar treebank makes use of Conv, Fin, Part, and Vnoun.
Conv: converb
The converb, also called transgressive or adverbial participle,
is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.
Different converbs of Tatar are distinguished by their aspect value.
Converb also includes a conditional form -са/сә, with the specification of Mood=Cnd, like Kazakh UD, although Turkish UD considers this form as a finite verb (cf. rule of thumb: if the verb and all of its dependents can be uttered alone without a conversational context, the verb should be finite).
(TODO: this needs more discussion)
Examples
- Ул язып утыра “He is sitting and writing” (this form does not entail any aspectual feature)
- Мин сөйли-сөйли арып беттем. “I’m tired of speaking”
Aspect=Prog|VerbForm=Conv - Яңгыр туктагач, барырбыз “We will go after the rain stops”
Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Conv - Әти килгәнче, озак көттем “I had waited long till my father came”
Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Conv - Казанга барсак, тарихи урыннарны карарбыз “If we go to Kazan, we will visit historical places”
Mood=Cnd|VerbForm=Conv
Fin: finite verb
Verbs that are marked for mood (Mood), tense (Tense) or
person (Person) are finite and are assigned the VerbForm value Fin.
Either embedded or matrix verbs can be finite.
Rule of thumb: If the verb and all of its dependents can be uttered alone without a conversational context, the verb should be finite.
Examples
- Өйгә кайтты. “He/She came home.”
Part: participle
Participle is a non-finite verb form which functions like an adjective. The participles are introduced using a number of subordinating suffixes.
Tatar has past participle, present participle, and future participle.
There are three forms of future participle, -ачак/әчәк, -асы/әсе, and -ыр/ер, which have a slight difference in Mood.
Present participle -учы/үче usually modifies a noun denoting its agent, typically a person, and often stands by itself without its head to mean Nomen Agensis (like English -er in writer)
Examples
- мин укыячак китап “the book that I will read”
- Марат укыган китап “the book that Marat read”
- китап укучы кеше “the person reading a book”
- укучы “student, pupil” (lit. “the one who reads”)
Vnoun: verbal noun
Verbal nouns are derived from verbs. In Tatar, verbal nouns are formed by the suffix -у/ү.
Examples
- бару “to go, going, the act of going”
Inf: infinitive
Infinitive is a non-finite verb form that may be used together with auxiliaries or verbs to entail additional modal, aspectual, etc. meaning.
Tatar infinitive is marked by the suffix -ырга/ергә.
Examples
- _барырга кирәк “it is necessary to go”
NomAg: Nomen Agensis
The Nomen Agensis is derived from a verb with an agent or performer, and it represents the nominalization of the subject. This feature is also used in Komi Zyrian UD. It can also modify an animate noun which is the agent of the verb.
Examples
- _баручы кеше “the person who is going”, “going person”
- _баручы “the one who goes
VerbForm in other languages: [ab] [abq] [akk] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cu] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gub] [gun] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myv] [orv] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl]