flat: flat multiword expression
The flat relation is one of the relations used for multiword expressions multiword expressions (MWEs). It is used for exocentric (headless) semi-fixed MWEs. It contrasts with two other relations used for MWEs : compound, which applies to endocentric (headed) MWEs such as speed limit, and fixed, which applies to completely fixed grammaticized MWEs like so dat. Flat MWEs are annotated with a flat structure, where all subsequent words in the expression are attached to the first one using the flat label. The assumption is that these expressions do not have any internal syntactic structure and that the structural annotation is in principle arbitrary.
This relation is widely used in Naija, notably to link together elements of numbers.
# visual-style 8 10 flat color:blue
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
1 I I PRON _ Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _
2 stay stay VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
3 for for ADP _ _ 4 case _ _
4 Warri Warri PROPN _ _ 2 obl:arg _ _
5 till till ADP _ _ 6 case _ _
6 twenty twenty NUM _ NumType=Card 2 obl:mod _ _
7 fourteen fourteen NUM _ NumType=Card 6 flat _ _
1 I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 stay _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 in _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 Warri _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 till _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 twenty _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 fourteen _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
1 I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 stayed _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 in _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 Warri _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 until _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 twenty _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 fourteen _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
The relation is also used for most MWEs that function as proper nouns, such as placenames, personal names, and titles of organisations.
# visual-style 8 10 flat color:blue
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
1 # # X _ _ 4 dep _ _
2 I I PRON _ Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _
3 dey dey AUX _ Aspect=Imp 4 aux _ _
4 hail hail VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
5 from from ADP _ _ 6 case _ _
6 Katsina Katsina PROPN _ _ 4 obl:arg _ _
7 State state NOUN _ _ 6 flat _ _
1 # _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 be _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 hail _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 from _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 Katsina _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 State _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
1 I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 come _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 from _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 Katsina _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 State _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 8 10 flat color:blue
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
1 my my PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes 2 nmod:poss _ _
2 name name NOUN _ _ 4 nsubj _ _
3 na na AUX _ PartType=Cop 4 cop _ _
4 Bose Bose PROPN _ _ 0 root _ _
5 Alade Alade PROPN _ _ 4 flat _ _
1 my _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 name _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 be _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 Bose _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 Alade _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
1 my _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 name _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 is _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 Bose _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 Alade _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
In Naija the nmod:appos relation is used instead of flat when part of the expression serves to define, name, or describe the rest.
flat in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [hy] [it] [ka] [kk] [ky] [pcm] [pt] [ru] [sl] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]