PronType: pronominal type
| Values: | Art | Dem | Emp | Exc | Ind | Int | Neg | Prs | Rcp | Rel | Tot |
This feature typically applies to pronouns, determiners and pronominal adverbs.
Prs: personal or possessive personal pronoun or determiner
See also the Poss feature that distinguishes normal personal
pronouns from possessives. Note that Prs also includes reflexive
personal/possessive pronouns (e.g. իրեն / իր see the
Reflex feature).
Examples
- ես, դու, նա, մենք, դուք, նրանք “I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they”
- իմ, քո, նրա, մեր, ձեր, նրանց “my, your, his/her/its, our, your, their”
- ինձ, քեզ, իրեն, մեզ, ձեզ, իրենց “myself, yourself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves”
- իր, իրենց “one’s own, their own”
Int: interrogative pronoun, determiner or adverb
Note that possessive interrogative determiners (whose) can be distinguished by the Poss feature. Interrogative determiners can be used as exclamatives with exclamation mark or stress.
Examples:
- ո՞վ, ովքե՞ր “who”, ո՞ւմ “whose”
- ի՞նչ “what”, ինչպիսի՞(ք) “what kind of”, ինչքա՞ն “how many”, ինչչա՞փ “how much”, ինչպե՞ս “how”
- ո՞ր, որո՞նք “which”, որպիսի՞(ք) “which kind of”, որքա՞ն “how many”, որչա՞փ “how much”, ո՞րերորդ “which manyth” (ordinal quantifier)
- քանի՞ “how many”, քանի՞սը “how many”, քանի՞երորդ “how manyth” (ordinal quantifier)
- որտե՞ղ “where”, ո՞ւր “where to”
- ե՞րբ “when”
- ինչո՞ւ “why”
Rel: relative pronoun or determiner or adverb
All pronouns and determiners that mark the beginning of a relative clause have this feature. Note that this class overlaps with interrogatives. There are no pronouns that are only relative.
Examples:
- ո՞վ, ովքե՞ր “who”, ո՞ւմ “whose”
Exc: exclamative determiner
Exclamative pro-adjectives (determiners) express the speaker’s surprise towards the modified noun. In Armenian exclamative determiners are recruited from the set of interrogative or demonstrative determiners.
Examples:
- Ինչպիսի՜ անակնկալ։ “What a surprise!”
- Այդքա՜ն գեղեցիկ։ “That beautiful!”
Rcp: reciprocal pronoun
Examples
- մեկմեկու (մեկմեկի), իրար (իրարու), միմյանց “one another, each other, each other”
Art: article
Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of
definiteness. Note, that in Armenian Def value is marked directly on nouns.
See also the related features Number[psor] and Person[psor].
Examples
- մի “a/an”
Dem: demonstrative pronoun, determiner or adverb
Note that Armenian make a distinction between proximal or first person (objects near to the speaker), medial or second person (objects near to the addressee), and distal or third person (objects far from both) demonstratives. We distinguish also a separate feature of Distance.
Examples
- սա, դա, նա “this, that (medial), that”
- այս, այդ, այն “this, that (medial), that”
- սույն, նույն, միևնույն “this, same, same one”
- այսպիսի, այդպիսի, այնպիսի, նույնպիսի “such, such (medial), such (distal), same”
- այսպես, այդպես, այնպես, նույնպես “this way, that way (medial), that way, same way”
- այսքան, այդքան, այնքան “this many, that many, so many”
- այսչափ, այդչափ, այնչափ “this much, that much, so much”
- այստեղ, այդտեղ, այնտեղ “here, there (medial), there”
- մյուս “another”
Emp: emphatic pronoun or determiner
As emphatic pro-adjectives (determiners) these emphasize the nominal they depend on. There are similarities with personal, demonstrative, reflexive and possessive pronouns / determiners.
See also the Number[psor] and Person[psor] features for further details.
Examples
- ինքը, ինքները / իրենք “(he) himself, (they) themselves” as in Նախագահն ինքը եկավ դա տեսնելու։ “President himself came to see it.”
Tot: total (collective) pronoun or determiner
Examples
- ամեն(ը) “every, all (of things)”
- բոլոր(ը) “all (of people)”
- յուրաքանչյուր(ը) “each (one)”
- ողջ(ը) “whole”
- ամբողջ(ը) “all”
- համայն “all, whole”
- ամենայն “all, every”
Neg: negative pronoun or determiner
Negative pronominal words are distinguished from negating particles and from words that inflect for polarity (verbs.) Those words do not use PronType=Neg, they use Polarity=Neg instead. See Polarity and Connegative for further details.
Examples
- ոչ ոք “nobody”
- ոչինչ “nothing”
- ոչ մեկը “no one”
- ոչ մի “no”
Ind: indefinite pronoun, determiner or adverb
Examples
- ինչ-որ “some (of one thing)”, ինչ-ինչ “some (of many thing)”
- մի քանի “several”, մի քանիսը “several people”, որոշ “definite”
- մեկը “one”, մեկնումեկը “someone”, մի “some, several”
- ոմն “someone”, ոմանք “some people”
- ուրիշ “another”, ուրիշը “another one”, այլ “other”
- որևէ, որևիցե “one or another”
- այսինչ, այնինչ “this and that”
- երբևէ, երբևիցե “sometime”
PronType in other languages: [arr] [bej] [bg] [bm] [bor] [cs] [el] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [gun] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [myu] [pcm] [qpm] [sga] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [uz] [xav] [xcl] [zh]