Mood: mood
| Values: | Ind | Imp | Sub | Pot |
Mood is a verbal feature that expresses modality and subclassifies finite verb forms. There are four values of mood: indicative, imperative, subjunctive and potential.
Ind: indicative
The indicative can be considered the default mood. A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen, without adding any attitude of the speaker.
The indicative mood includes finite forms for all three tenses
(past, present, future) and both aspects (imperfective, perfective). However, the present perfective forms,
while tagged Mood=Ind have subjunctive meaning. The negative particle is
Examples
- h لیک لرلم lik lwalë́m “I am reading the letter”
- h کور ته به راشو kor ta bë râšú “we will come home”
- h ما کتاب ونه لیکۀ mâ kitấb wë́në likë “I did not write the book”
Imp: imperative
The imperative mood is to express orders or requests. It does not distinguish tense. Pashto verbs have imperative forms for the second person of both numbers, although the plural form is always identical with its indicative counterpart. The ending for the singular is ه a. The affirmative imperative distinguishes both aspects, while negative imperative is used only in imperfective aspect. The negative particle مه má is stressed and is is read together with the verb (although written separately).
Examples
- h لیک ولرله lik wë́lwala “read the letter”
- h کتاب مه لیکئ kitấb má likëy “do not write the book”
Sub: subjunctive
The subjunctive mood is used in various subordinate clauses to express irreality, condition, purpose, wish etc.
It does not distinguish tense and aspect, its forms are formally present perfective, that do not have any other use on their own,
but are used to form future perfective indicative. For this reason, the subjunctive forms are usually tagged Mood=Ind.
The only cases, where the tag Mood=Sub is used, are subjective forms of irregular verbs, that are different
from the present perfective forms used to form future perfective indicative.
Examples
Pot: potential
The Pashto does not have a modal verb expressing possibility of an action, but uses the potential mood instead.
It is realized in two tenses: present and past. The potential mood can be formed in several ways: using the participle
or subjunctive of the content verb and indicative or participle of auxiliary verbs. None of these forms is tagged Mood=Pot.
The only case, where the tag Mood=Pot is used, is the word شوای šwây, a special form of the auxiliary verb شول šwël
(perfective counterpart of کېدل kedë́l “to become”), which can be used in the past potential instead of past finite forms
of the verb شول šwël.
Examples
Mood in other languages: [ab] [akk] [arr] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [mdf] [myv] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [say] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [ug] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl]