Mood: mood
| Values: | Cnd | Des | Imp | Ind | Irr | Nec | Opt | Prs |
Mood expresses the modality, a speaker’s perspective, in finite verbs.
Turkish verbs may carry a wide range of mood information.
Different moods are indicated by a number of suffixes, which also interact with tense and aspect of the verb.
Ind: indicative
The indicative can be considered the default mood. A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen, without adding any attitude of the speaker.
In Tatar, this feature is contrastive with Mood=Irr and Mood=Nec in the future tense participles (VerbForm=Part);
for this reason, this feature is only explicitly shown in the verbs in future tense participle forms.
Examples
- Өйгә кайтачакмын “I will go home” (cf. Өйгә кайтырмын “I will probably go home”)
Imp: imperative
In Tatar imperatives are expressed by lack of any tense/aspect/modality marker. The form of imperative may indicate second or third person plural/singular. Note that forms other than the second person singular may indicate a wish rather than a command, so may be marked as Opt (see below).
Examples
- кил! ‘Come!’
- килегез! ‘(you pl.) come!’
- килсен! ‘(I am ordering him/her to) come!’
Prs: persuasive (new, not in UD)
Tatar has a particular form of imperative that is not a coercive order but a request.
Examples
- Утырыгызчы “Have a seat, please.”
- Зинһар, миңа булышсана “Please help me.
Opt: optative
Optative suffix (-ый/-и) in Tatar typically combines with a first person suffix and expresses a suggestion.
Examples
- барыйм “I shall go”
- барыйк “Let’s go”
Cnd: conditional
This expresses conditionality. It is the primary means of forming conditionals in Tatar (‘if …’). The suffix responsible for this mood is -са/сә.
Examples
- Өйгә кайтсам ‘if I go home’
Nec: necessitative
This expresses some sort of necessity (must/should/have to in English).
In Tatar, this mood is only morphologically distinctive in a future tense participle form (VerbForm=Part),
and is expressed by the verbal suffix -асы/әсе, -ыйсы/исе.
Examples
- укыйсы китап “the book to read”
- без яшисе йорт “the house we are to live in”
- эшлисе эш юк “there is no work to be done”
- өйгә кайтасым килә “I want to go home”
Irr: irrealis
The irrealis mood denotes an action that is not known to happen or have happened.
In Tatar, this mood is morphologically distinctive in a future tense participle form expressed by the verbal suffix -ыр/ер (VerbForm=Part) and the suffix -тыр/-дыр which is attached to a predicate other than a verb to imply an uncertainty.
Examples
- Сөйләр сүзем юк “I have no words to say.”
- көтәрмен “I will wait (maybe).”
- китап</b>тыр</b> “Probably a book.”
Mood in other languages: [ab] [akk] [arr] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [mdf] [myv] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [say] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [ug] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl]