Voice: voice
| Values: | Cau | Mid | Pass | Rcp |
Voice is typically a feature of verbs and verbal affixes/clitics categorized as auxiliaries.
Mid: middle voice
Between active and passive. The subject is both doer and undergoer in a sense: he is acting upon himself.
Examples
- a- gar jʔ -an =t i= gaw =i / “I went back, in my house.”
Rcp: reciprocal voice
In a plural subject, all members are doers and undergoers, acting upon each other.
Examples
- uː= dhaj kass =aː i- ktiːn -n =i kaːm =u =it / ʔajaːj tak =uːn hoːj am- mar~ri -ja eːn eː= nda / “Because it was a camel that everybody knew; one of our relatives (told) to these men”
Pass: passive or patient-focus voice
The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient). The doer (agent) is not unexpressed in Beja.
Examples
- i= magʷal hoːg -aː =b =u =it ki= i- t- kattaːm /
Cau: causative voice
Causative expresses a subject that is the cause of the action done by a distinct agent and is described by the verbal affix categorized as auxiliaries.
Examples
- _uː= tak ʔaraːw =i aka -jeː hoːj giːg -is -ta =ja_ “you made the man who is my friend leave for good!”
Voice in other languages: [abq] [am] [arr] [bej] [bg] [bor] [ceb] [cs] [el] [eme] [en] [fi] [fr] [gn] [gub] [ha] [hu] [hy] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [myu] [pay] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl]