Voice: voice
Voice
For Indo-European speakers, voice means mainly the active-passive distinction. In other languages, other shades of verb meaning are categorized as voice.
In Bulgarian linguistics there are various theories of Voice distinctions: 2-voice one (active vs. passive), 3-voice one (active vs. passive vs. reflexive), 4-voice one(active vs. passive vs. reflexive vs. impersonal).
Here the 2-voice theory is adopted.
Act: active voice
The subject of the verb is the doer of the action (agent), the object is affected by the action (pacient).
Examples
- Нападнахме врага. / Napadnahme vraga “We attacked the enemy”.
- Децата се засмяха. / Detsata se zasmyaha “The children laughed”.
- Децата се измиха. / Detsata se izmiha “The children washed themselves”.
Pass: passive voice
The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient). The doer (agent) is either unexpressed or it appears as an object of the verb. In Bulgarian there are two ways of forming passive:
- tenses plus the reflexive particle se
- special participial conjugation
Examples
- Тази книга се чете лесно. / Tazi kniga se chete lesno “This book reads easily”.
- Тази книга беше прочетена по-бързо от другите. / Tazi kniga beshe prochetena po-barzo ot drugite “This book was read faster than the others”.
Voice in other languages: [abq] [am] [arr] [bej] [bg] [bor] [ceb] [cs] [el] [eme] [en] [fi] [fr] [gn] [gub] [ha] [hu] [hy] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [myu] [pay] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl]