Voice: voice
In Kʼicheʼ, Voice is a feature of some verbs. Transitive verbs in Kʼicheʼ agree
for both subject and object.
Pass: passive
The passive demotes a subject and raises the object to subject status. The agent can be specified with the relational noun -umal which takes possessive agreement. The verb then only has agreement for a single argument.
Examples:
- Xkikunaj le ali ri ixoqibʼ. “Las mujeres curaron a la niña.”
- Xkunataj le ali (kumal ri ixoqibʼ). “La niña fue curada (por las mujeres).”
- Le ali xkunatajik. “La niña se curó”
Antip: antipassive
The passive demotes an object and leaves the subject in position. The verb then only has agreement for a single argument.
Examples:
- Xinkunaj alaq. “Los curé a ustedes”
- Xinkunan (chech alaq). “Yo los curé (a ustedes)”
- Xkunan alaq (chwe). “Ustedes (me) curaron”
AgFoc: agent focus antipassive
The passive demotes an object and leaves the subject in position. The verb then only has agreement for a single argument. In this variant the subject is fronted.
Examples:
- Ri tʼuʼy kpaqʼowik. “La olla está hirviendo”
- Are ri achi xinchʼayowik. “Fue el hombre que me pegó.”
Voice in other languages: [abq] [am] [arr] [bej] [bg] [bor] [ceb] [cs] [el] [eme] [en] [fi] [fr] [gn] [gub] [ha] [hu] [hy] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [myu] [pay] [qpm] [qtd] [quc] [ru] [sv] [tl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl]